Influence of sintering temperature on screen printed Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films

CIGS absorber preparation by non-vacuum particle-based screen printing and RTA densification

“…Although RTA sintering effectively densified CIS absorber, ethyl cellulose remained in the annealed absorption layer and the composite absorber layer consisted of ethyl cellulose/CIS composite shell/core structure, which lowered the cell conversion efficiency significantly. Care must also be taken in preparing stoichiometric CIGS film due to its instability during high temperature RTA processing [20]. The phase boundary is located between 17°C and 133°C for CuIn 0.25 Ga 0.75 Se 2 and CuIn 0.75 Ga 0.25 Se 2 .…”

Optical and electrical properties study of sol-gel derived Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films for solar cells

“…In order to cut the cost, several research groups have tried to prepare CZTS films under non-vacuum conditions. [19][20][21] In this paper, we explored a sol-gel method to prepare CZTS thin films using ethylenediamine (EN) as the chelating agent in the precursor. EN played an important role in the process of preparing stable CZTS sol-gel precursor and fabricating high-quality CZTS films.…”

Impact of pre-annealing temperature on the formation of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber layer

“…1. [20]. The phase assignment is difficult for the sample due to noisy spectrum and large number of overlapping peaks.…”

“…For the film CZTS-300-450 the band gap was found to be 1.49eV and that for CZTS-300-500 was 1.63eV. Band gap increased with increase in annealing temperature due to Burstein-Moss effect [20] (carrier concentration increment with temperature shifts the band gap to higher value). These band gap values are consistent with the reported values [33].…”

“…On comparing the resistivity of CZTS-200-450 and CZTS-200-500, it was found that with increasing the second step annealing temperature resistivity increased possibly due to suppression of conducting Cu x S [34,20]. But as the pre-annealing temperature set at 300 0 C and same second step temperature, resistivity values showed right trend.…”