Influence of smoking status on the disease‐related outcomes of patients with tobacco‐associated superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Fleshner, Neil; Garland, JoAnne; Moadel, Alyson B.; Herr, Harry W.; Ostroff, Jaimie; Trambert, Rene; O'Sullivan, Maryellen; Russo, Paul

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19991201)86:11<2337::aid-cncr23>3.3.co;2-y

Cited by 42 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Aumento da ingestão de água e abandono do fumo são medidas recomendadas por estudos controlados 22 (C).…”

Section: Medidas Preventivasunclassified

Câncer de bexiga: estadiamento e tratamento I

2008

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Descrição do método de coleta de evidência: Revisão da literatura. Graus de recomendação e força de evidência: A: Estudos experimentais ou observacionais de melhor consistência. B: Estudos experimentais ou observacionais de menor consistência. C: Relatos de casos (estudos não controlados). D: Opinião desprovida de avaliação crítica, baseada em consensos, estudos fisiológicos ou modelos animais. Objetivo:Oferecer um guia prático, adequado à realidade brasileira, destacando as melhores evidências disponíveis relacionadas ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento do câncer de bexiga. Estadiamento do câncer de bexigaO objetivo do estadiamento é determinar se a doença é superficial ou invasiva (comprometimento da camada muscular), sua extensão locoregional ou metastática. Exames clínicosA ultra-sonografia de abdome total não detecta tumores vesicais menores que 0,5cm 1 (C), assim como a extensão tumoral na parede vesical ou adenomegalias, não devendo, por estas razões, ser utilizada de rotina para o estadiamento.A tomografia computadorizada abdominal e pélvica ou a ressonância magnética são utilizadas rotineiramente nos tumores invasivos para avaliar a extensão local do tumor e na pesquisa de metástases intra-abdominais. Entretanto, a acurácia no estadiamento do tumor vesical da tomografia computadorizada é de cerca de 55% 2 (C), e a ressonância magnética falha em detectar metástases linfonodais em 15% dos pacientes 3 (D).A tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET scan) parece ser promissora, com uma possível melhor acurácia do que a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética, no estadiamento do tumor de bexiga 4 (D), porém as informações ainda são inconsistentes. A radiografia de tórax deve ser realizada rotineiramente na pesquisa de metástases pulmonares, podendo ser, eventualmente, complementada com tomografia computadorizada. A probabilidade de se encontrar lesões ósseas em pacientes com câncer de bexiga invasivo está ao redor de 5% 5 (C), portanto, a cintilografia óssea não é empregada de rotina no estadiamento, sendo reservada a pacientes com sintomas sugestivos de comprometimento ósseo ou fosfatase alcallina elevada 6 (C). EstadiamentoO sistema TNM, da União Internacional Contra o Câncer 2002 (Tabela 1) deve ser empregado, já que é aceito universalmente 7 (D). Com finalidade prática na elaboração da estratégia terapêutica, dividem-se os tumores localizados em: superficiais e invasivos (Figura 1). Os tumores superficiais incluem o Tis, Ta e T1. A penetração da camada muscular identifica os tumores invasivos da bexiga. Graduação histológicaA classificação mais utilizada ainda tem sido a da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) 8 (D) (Figura 2). Em 1998, o consenso OMS/ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) propôs nova classificação de grau histológico que tem melhor correlação clínico-histológica 9 (D). Tabela 1 -Classificação TNM da UICC, 2002Bexiga TX -O tumor primário não pode ser avaliado T0 -Não há evidência de tumor primário Ta -Carcinoma papilífero não-invasivo Tis -Carcinoma in situ: "tumor pla...

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“…Aumento da ingestão de água e abandono do fumo são medidas recomendadas por estudos controlados 22 (C).…”

Section: Medidas Preventivasunclassified

Câncer de bexiga: estadiamento e tratamento I

2008

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated that smoking status is associated not only with tumor incidence but also with the subsequent clinical outcome of bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC; refs. [3][4][5][6]. Lammers and colleagues showed that exsmokers and current smokers had a significantly shorter recurrence-free survival than nonsmokers after transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Induces Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance through Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Bladder Cancer

Yuge

Kikuchi

Yasumizu

et al. 2015

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

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Continued smoking is highly associated with not only a higher incidence but also greater risk of tumor recurrence, progression, and acquired chemoresistance of urothelial carcinoma. We investigated whether nicotine affects urothelial carcinoma, and the detailed mechanism by which nicotine could induce tumor growth and any associated chemoresistance. Cell viability was evaluated in the human bladder cancer cell line T24 exposed to nicotine with or without cisplatin (CDDP) and NVP-BEZ235 as a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor by the WST-1 assay. Protein expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was investigated by Western blotting or immunohistochemical analysis. The influence of nicotine on tumor growth was also evaluated with or without CDDP and/or NVP-BEZ235 in a subcutaneous bladder tumor model. The result demonstrated that cell proliferation was increased in T24 cells after exposure to nicotine. Phospho-specific Akt (pAkt) and phospho-specific p70 S6 kinase (pS6) were significantly upregulated by nicotine exposure. Tumor growth in vivo was significantly induced by nicotine exposure in accordance with increased pS6 expression. Nicotine attenuated inhibition of T24 cell growth by CDDP and further upregulated pS6 expression in vitro and in vivo. NVP-BZE235 inhibited T24 cell proliferation and pAkt and pS6 expression induced after exposure to nicotine and/or CDDP. In conclusion, nicotine increases tumor growth and induces acquired chemoresistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in bladder cancer.

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“…In addition, continued tobacco use in CaB patients has been associated with heightened risks of tumour recurrence, progression and secondary urinary tract carcinomas. 12 Further, preoperative smoking has been shown to increase surgical mortality risk intraoperatively, as well as postoperative complications. 25 While there is evidence that smoking cessation likely benefits individuals in this population, a recent review concluded that current population-based data on the prevalence of tobacco smoking among CaB patients is needed to fully assess the potential of smoking cessation as a health improvement strategy in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14] In addition, smoking is a well-known cause of chronic lung disease, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and other malignancies. 15 It has recently been suggested, even by urologists, that patients with CaB should be targeted to undergo screening for lung cancer.…”

Section: -11mentioning

confidence: 99%

A smoking cessation program as a resource for bladder cancer patients

Vilensky

Lawrentschuk

Hersey

et al. 2012

CUAJ

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Background: Continued tobacco use following a bladder cancer (CaB) diagnosis puts patients at risk for other tobacco-associated diseases and has also been associated with heightened risks of treatment-related complications, tumour recurrence, morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to determine if patients with CaB who continue to smoke warrant a smoking cessation program as a resource for improving their prognosis and long-term health. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative questionnaire-based study was performed between January and April 2009. We surveyed patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of CaB during their cystoscopy appointments at a single cancer centre. Results: One hundred patients completed the survey with 72% of them admitting to smoking in their lifetime. A third of respondents smoked at the time of their diagnosis; 76% of patients who had been active smokers at the time of their diagnosis (n = 33) reported smoking at some point thereafter and 58% continued to smoke. Among continued smokers, they were classified in the following categories: 26% were in "precontemplation," 5% in "contemplation," 16% in "preparation," and 53% in "action;" 37% of patients who continued to smoke were interested in a hospital-based smoking cessation program. Overall, 70% reported smoking as a risk factor for a poor CaB prognosis. The two most common barriers to quitting were "trouble managing stress and mood" and "fear of gaining weight." Conclusion: Based on the data from our centre, patients with CaB who continue to smoke after their diagnosis warrant a smoking cessation program as a resource for improving prognosis and long-term health. Further research should focus on establishing an efficacious and cost-effective program that provides these patients with the resources they need to quit smoking. RésuméContexte : L'usage continu du tabac après un diagnostic de cancer de la vessie fait courir aux patients un risque de contracter d'autres maladies associées à l'usage du tabac, et a aussi été associé à des risques accrus de complications liées au traitement, de récurrence de la tumeur, de morbidité et de mortalité. Notre but était de déter-miner si les patients atteints de cancer de la vessie qui continuent de fumer ont besoin d'un programme d'abandon du tabac pour améliorer leur pronostic et leur santé à long terme. Méthodologie : Une étude transversale quantitative par questionnaire a été réalisée entre janvier et avril 2009. Nous avons sondé des patients ayant reçu un diagnostic de cancer de la vessie confirmé par examens pathologiques pendant un rendez-vous pour cystoscopie dans un seul centre de traitement du cancer. Résultats : Cent patients ont rempli le sondage, dont 72 % qui ont avoué avoir fumé pendant une période de leur vie. Un tiers des répondants fumait au moment du diagnostic; 76 % des patients qui étaient des fumeurs actifs au moment de leur diagnostic (n = 33) ont signalé avoir continué à fumer par après et 58 % fumaient toujours. Ceux qui continuaient à fumer ont été répartis dans l...

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Influence of smoking status on the disease‐related outcomes of patients with tobacco‐associated superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Câncer de bexiga: estadiamento e tratamento I

Câncer de bexiga: estadiamento e tratamento I

Nicotine Induces Tumor Growth and Chemoresistance through Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Bladder Cancer

A smoking cessation program as a resource for bladder cancer patients

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