Influence of Soil Aeration on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Three Grass Species<sup>1</sup>

Waddington, D. V.; Baker, J. H.

doi:10.2134/agronj1965.00021962005700030009x

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Goosegrass invasion of sports turf may result from traffic‐caused compaction because of its ability to germinate and grow under compaction (Carrow and Petrovic, 1992). This is consistent with the fact that goosegrass tolerates low soil oxygen (Waddington and Baker, 1965) which is associated with compaction (Waddington, 1992). If traffic‐caused compaction is the mechanism to explain goosegrass infestation in traffic areas, then it might operate by differentially decreasing bermudagrass growth and increasing the competitive advantage of goosegrass.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Goosegrass and Bermudagrass Competition under Compaction

Arrieta¹,

Busey

Daroub

2009

Agronomy Journal

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Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.) is a serious weed in traffi cked areas of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) golf and sports turf. Th e objective of this study was to evaluate soil compaction and canopy cover as determinants of goosegrass competition in bermudagrass turf in sand soil. Goosegrass cover, plant density, and soil penetration resistance (SPR) were measured in traffi c and notraffi c plots in bermudagrass golf course tees and sports fi eld foul areas. Goosegrass plant density and cover were larger in traffi c plots compared with no-traffi c plots. Soil penetration resistance increased only at 5.0 cm depth due to traffi c, while other soil properties including bulk density measured in golf course tees showed no eff ect from traffi c. Two experiments measured the eff ect of controlled soil compaction on root and shoot dry weight of goosegrass and bermudagrass in containers. Th e fi rst experiment evaluated eff ects of three soil compaction levels (1.14, 1.24, 1.33 g cm -3 bulk density) on goosegrass and bermudagrass grown separately. Th e second experiment evaluated eff ects on the two species grown together in competition, from two soil compaction levels (1.07 and 1.26 g cm -3 bulk density), two N application rates (48 and 96 kg ha -1 mo -1 ), and two mowing heights (1.3 and 2.5 cm). Th e second experiment also evaluated goosegrass seedling emergence and tiller numbers. When species were grown separately, bermudagrass root and shoot dry weight showed no eff ect from soil compaction, but goosegrass root weight was reduced. When species were grown together, bermudagrass root weight was reduced by compaction, but goosegrass was not aff ected. Goosegrass seedling emergence was reduced 58% by high mowing height, which paralleled an increase in bermudagrass canopy cover based on shoot dry weight. Canopy cover, not compaction, more readily explained the competition and infestation of goosegrass in traffi cked areas in sand soil.

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confidence: 84%

Goosegrass and Bermudagrass Competition under Compaction

Arrieta¹,

Busey

Daroub

2009

Agronomy Journal

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“…This may be because of stresses on the turfgrass, such as mechanical impedance to root growth, unfavorable conditions in the soil atmosphere, or reduced water and nutrient availability. Goosegrass roots grow well under conditions of oxygen diffusion < 5 × 10 −8 g cm −2 min −1 , but Kentucky bluegrass root growth is reduced or stopped when oxygen diffusion is between 5 and 9 × 10 −8 g cm −2 min −1 (Waddington and Baker, 1965). Core aeration is the procedure usually used to alleviate compaction.…”

Section: Periodic Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

2003

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Cultural management of weeds in turfgrass is the use of mowing, fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, planting, and turfgrass selection to affect weed populations. There is consensus in the literature on a few cultural factors influencing some weeds in cool‐season turfgrasses. Taller mowing height, 4 to 8 cm, depending on turfgrass, reduces populations of crabgrasses (Digitaria spp.) in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and fescues (Festuca spp.). A high rate of N fertilization (100–300 kg N ha−1 yr−1) reduces populations of crabgrasses, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers), and other broadleaf weeds in cool‐season turfgrasses. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) may be favored by this high rate of fertilization. Fertilization of turfgrasses when they are not actively growing increases weeds. Slow‐growing grasses such as zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) have more weeds at high N fertilization rate. Environmental stresses including drought injury, unnecessary aeration or vertical mowing, biotic stress such as nematode and insect herbivory, and diseases contribute to weed colonization. Adapted cultivars and species of turfgrasses that are genetically resistant to biotic and environmental stresses have the fewest weed problems. Adapted turfgrasses can sometimes be effectively managed in the absence of herbicides, especially if they are well established. The generalized mechanisms for cultural management of weeds are poorly understood. Research is needed on optimizing the choices of herbicide and/or cultural practices as part of an integrated management system for turfgrass.

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“…There are a host of well‐documented chemical and physical inhibitors of turfgrass root growth at the soil level. Improper irrigation frequency or depth of water in the rootzone (Doss et al, 1962; Madison and Hagan, 1962), nutrient deficiencies (Beard, 1973), soil pH issues (Rieke, 1969), soil compaction and/or limited soil oxygen (Waddington and Baker, 1965; Carrow, 1980), supraoptimal air and/or soil temperatures (Beard and Daniel, 1965; Xu and Huang, 2000), and excessive thatch accumulation (Carrow, 2004a; 2004b) have all been shown to hinder root development. Anything which restricts root growth or function can potentially lead to reduced nutrient uptake, even in a nutrient‐rich environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Nitrogen Uptake Following Urea Application to Putting Green Turfgrass Species

2011

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Foliar fertilization often comprises a significant portion of the total annuai N appiied to putting greens. This study was initiated to evaluate the efficiency of this practice under field conditions. '^N-iabeied urea was used to quantify seasonal uptake of foliar-applied N by creeping bentgrass {Agrostis stolonifera var. L. palustris (Huds.) Farw. 'Penn AT) and hybrid bermudagrass {Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy Tifeagle') managed as putting greens. Urea was spray-applied monthly. May through September, at rates of 0.5 and 1.25 g N m"^. Both species absorbed urea rapidly, with 24 to 67% of the fertilizer N entering the foliage within 1 h following treatment; peak foliar absorption was generally observed at 4 h after treatment. Percentage of foliar uptake was significantly reduced at higher application rates for both species. In addition, absorption of urea-N by foiiage of both species was affected by month of application and year. When averaged across all sampling times and N rates, foliar absorption percentages were similar between the two species, ranging from 36 to 69% for creeping bentgrass and 38 to 62% for bermudagrass. Overall, foiiar absorption efficiency was variable and there were no consistent seasonal trends associated with these differences.

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Influence of Soil Aeration on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Three Grass Species¹

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Goosegrass and Bermudagrass Competition under Compaction

Goosegrass and Bermudagrass Competition under Compaction

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Foliar Nitrogen Uptake Following Urea Application to Putting Green Turfgrass Species

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Influence of Soil Aeration on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Three Grass Species1

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Goosegrass and Bermudagrass Competition under Compaction

Goosegrass and Bermudagrass Competition under Compaction

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Foliar Nitrogen Uptake Following Urea Application to Putting Green Turfgrass Species

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Product

Resources

About

Influence of Soil Aeration on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Three Grass Species¹