Influence of solubility parameter difference between monomer and porogen on structures of poly (acrylonitrile–styrene‐divinylbenzene) resins

Cai, Yuanbo; Peng, Xuesong; Liang, Mei; Yu, Lin; Zou, Huawei

doi:10.1002/app.46979

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…To examine the effects of a solvent on the co-self-assembly structure, THF (solubility parameter or δ = 18.6 MPa 1/2 ) and styrene monomer (δ = 17.8 MPa 1/2 ) were used as good solvents for the hydrophobic OA–MNPs (δ of OA = 17.4 MPa 1/2 ) and PS segments (δ = 19.0 MPa 1/2 ) of the ABC. ,, The morphology of the MPNPs, prepared from 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt % P(S 27 - b -AA 120 ) in 10 mL of DI water with a fixed amount of OA–MNPs at 2.4 wt % in 1 mL of THF or styrene monomer, was examined by TEM. The images are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(styrene-b-acrylic Acid) Nanoparticles with High Magnetic Loading for Magnetic Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy

Kaewsaneha

Elaı̈ssari

Opaprakasit

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs), a cluster of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) or superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONPs) embedded into a poly(styrene27-b-acrylic acid120), P(S27-b-AA120) particle, were prepared via a one-step chemically-mild method. By controlling the type of solvent for MNPs, and the balance between the magnetic loading at a weight fraction of 70 wt%, and the P(S27-b-AA120) contents in a range of 0.1 -0.5 wt%, promoted the formation of well-defined MPNPs while achieving high OA-MNP loading. The MPNPs were generated via induced co-self-assembly mechanism of hydrophobic interactions between oleic acid (OA) coated on MNPs and the PS segments of the block copolymer. Without the use of a surfactant or crosslinking agent, high stability of MPNPs in an aqueous medium was achieved from the contribution of long hydrophilic PAA blocks containing carboxylic groups. Due to the high superparamagnetic nanoparticles loading, monodispersity, and high stability, the as-prepared MPNPs are highly responsive to an external magnetic field, and can efficiently generate heat under the application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The as-prepared MPNPs have a high potential for use as magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(styrene-b-acrylic Acid) Nanoparticles with High Magnetic Loading for Magnetic Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy

Kaewsaneha

Elaı̈ssari

Opaprakasit

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…This solubility parameter can be determined experimentally or calculated based on the molecular structure, i.e., by the method reported by Fedors . ShellSolTD is a mixture of alkanes, and therefore, ShellSolTD was replaced by heptane, for which δ = 15.2 J 1/2 m –3/2 , and the heptane/toluene ratio was adjusted to vary the δ value between 15.2 and 18.2 J 1/2 m –3/2 (i.e., the δ value of toluene). , The calculated δ values of VPE (δ = 19.0 J 1/2 m –3/2 ) and of pVPE (δ = 21.1 J 1/2 m –3/2 ) are higher than those of styrene (17.8 J 1/2 m –3/2 ) and PS (δ = 17.4–19.0 J 1/2 m –3/2 ); , thus, the δ of a suitable porogen mixture (δ mix ) is also expected to be higher than the δ mix of the porogen used for the suspension polymerization of PS. Volumetric mixtures of 75:25 and 50:50 heptane and toluene with δ mix values of 15.6 and 16.9 J 1/2 m –3/2 , respectively, did dissolve VPE and resulted in the formation polymeric beads (Table , entries 1 and 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… a Aggregated particles were obtained. b δ values of the porogen mixtures (δ mix ) were determined according to eq , , in which x i and V i are the molar fraction and the volume fraction of the solvents and monomer, respectively. c Surface area after oxidation of pVPE. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 However, ShellSolTD and VPE are not miscible, and therefore, ShellSolTD/toluene mixtures with high volumes of ShellSolTD are nonsolvents for Aggregated particles were obtained. b δ values of the porogen mixtures (δ mix ) were determined according to eq 6, 38,39 in which x i and V i are the molar fraction and the volume fraction of the solvents and monomer, respectively. c Surface area after oxidation of pVPE.…”

Section: Acs Applied Polymer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenylglyoxaldehyde-Functionalized Polymeric Sorbents for Urea Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Jong

Guo

Veenhoven

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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For realization of a wearable artificial kidney based on regeneration of a small volume of dialysate, efficient urea removal from dialysate is a major challenge. Here a potentially suitable polymeric sorbent based on phenylglyoxaldehyde (PGA), able to covalently bind urea under physiological conditions, is described. Sorbent beads containing PGA groups were obtained by suspension polymerization of either styrene or vinylphenylethan-1-one (VPE), followed by modification of the aromatic groups of poly(styrene) and poly(VPE) into PGA. It was found that PGA-functionalized sorbent beads had maximum urea binding capacities of 1.4–2.2 mmol/g and removed ∼0.6 mmol urea/g in 8 h at 37 °C under static conditions from urea-enriched phosphate-buffered saline, conditions representative of dialysate regeneration. This means that the daily urea production of a dialysis patient can be removed with a few hundred grams of this sorbent which, is an important step forward in the development of a wearable artificial kidney.

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“…One of the possible ways to select the porogens for the generation of pores can be based on the analysis of solubility parameters ( δ ) of monomers and porogenic solvent(s). The attempts to use Hildebrand's and Hansen's theories have been reported in some publications 48–50 . The goal of this work was to analyze and generalize the data on theoretically predicted incompatibility of components and experimentally determined average pore size to evaluate the applicability of solubility theory as a tool for pore size prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some factors affecting pore size in the synthesis of rigid polymer monoliths: Theory and its applicability

Korzhikova-Vlakh

Tennikova

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Macroporous monoliths represent now widely used materials whose successful application strongly depends on their characteristics. Among those the average pore size is one of the key parameters. In this paper, we consider the applicability of theoretical calculations for the selection of appropriate porogens to generate the materials with required average pore size. A set of macroporous poly(meth)acrylate monoliths was synthesized via thermo‐ and photo‐initiated free radical polymerization and characterized in regards to their average pore size. Additionally, the difference in solubility parameters as well as Hansen's solubility parameter distance between monomers and porogens were calculated for each polymerization mixture using Hildebrand's and Hansen's solubility theories. The theoretical predications and experimental data were compared and analyzed to establish the applicability of theoretical calculations to previse average pore size for different systems. It was found that Hildebrand's theory seems to be poorly appropriate as universal tool, while Hansen's theoretical approach explained better the efficiency of solvents as porogens. The application of oligomers and polymer solutions due to the increase of viscosity as well as the variation of crosslinker amount in the monomer system can be singled out as Hansen's theory limitations at the prediction of the average pore size.

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Influence of solubility parameter difference between monomer and porogen on structures of poly (acrylonitrile–styrene‐divinylbenzene) resins

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Poly(styrene-b-acrylic Acid) Nanoparticles with High Magnetic Loading for Magnetic Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy

Poly(styrene-b-acrylic Acid) Nanoparticles with High Magnetic Loading for Magnetic Hyperthermia Cancer Therapy

Phenylglyoxaldehyde-Functionalized Polymeric Sorbents for Urea Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Some factors affecting pore size in the synthesis of rigid polymer monoliths: Theory and its applicability

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