Influence of solution of lactoprotein with sorbitol on ultrastructural changes in lungs of rats in the condition of burn shock

Abstract

This article gives a theoretical substantiation and a new experimental solution of a scientific problem aimed at increasing the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy on the morphofunctional state of the lungs of rats under conditions of burn shock by using a combined colloid-hyperosmolar infusion solution – lacto-protein with sorbitol. The administration of the test solution at a dose of 10 ml/kg for 7 days in rats with modelled burn shock reduced ultrastructural changes in the lungs triggered by burn shock. It has been proved that in the conditions of shock, colloid-hyperosmolar infusion lacto-protein with sorbitol solution facilitates the restoration of vascular endothelium and fluid retention in the microcirculatory channel and improves the morphofunctional state of the aerohematic barrier of the lungs, stimulates the activity of the alveolar macrophages and the secretory function of the type II alveolocytes producing surfactant. At day 7 of burn shock, when 0.9% of NaCl was injected, significant changes were observed in the respiratory unit: part of the alveoli had considerably enhanced clearance of blood capillaries, which had platelets, neutrophils and altered forms of erythrocytes. At day 7 of burn shock in the lungs of the rats given an infusion of colloid-hyperosmolar solution – lactoprotein with sorbitol, the ultrastructure of the components of the lung cells had improved in comparison with 3 days. Luminosity of the hemocapillary parts was moderate, mainly with erythrocytes. The walls of endothelial cells had elongated nuclei with invaginations of nuclear membranes and clear contours. Their cytoplasmic regions were not widespread, with moderate electron densities. In type II alveolocytes, during this experiment, a lower degree of damage to the nucleus and organelles in the cytoplasm was established, and there were signs of a renewal of the secretory function of these cells. In the cytoplasm, hypertrophied mitochondria with clear crystals, different sizes of secretory granules, which had a different density, indicating their formation, were observed. According to the magnitude of the cytoprotective effect on lung cells under conditions of burn shock, the lactoprotein with sorbitol solution was shown to be superior in comparison with the physical solution (0.9% NaCl). The study of functional, biochemical and molecular genetic parameters that characterize the state of the aerohematic barrier under the conditions of using lactoprotein with sorbitol solution in the case of burn injuries of the skin will allow researchers to comprehensively evaluate the mechanisms of the pulmonary protective effect of this preparation and to experimentally substantiate the expediency of its use in clinical practice for pharmaco-correction of burn shock.

Submicroscopic changes of alveoli of respiratory department of lungs a day after experimental thermal trauma

“…Thus, the results obtained from our own studies correlate with the scientific data of other researchers [13,14,17] and allow to conclude that severe thermal trauma in the early term of the experiment leads to disturbances of the ultrastructure of the aerohematical lung barrier. At the stage of shock in the experimental burns, adaptive compensatory changes and the initial signs of destructive ones were established.…”

“…The second component of the system of phagocytic cells, together with leukocytes, which are subject to urgent mobilization under conditions of burn shock are alveolar macrophages. Their increase is an adaptation reaction, a manifestation of the tension of all protective systems in a situation critical to the body [14,17].…”

“…Not compensated disorders of microcirculation, which accrue in time, lead to disorders of the systemic circulation and impaired function of all organs and systems [3,7]. Hypovolemia is one of the leading factors leading to impaired lung respiratory function [14,17,19]. In a small circle of circulation the peripheral vascular resistance increases congestion develops.…”