Influence of source, timing and placement of nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen removal of durum wheat under reduced- and conventional-tillage management

Abstract

. 2001. Influence of source, timing and placement of nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen removal of durum wheat under reduced-and conventional-tillage management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 17-27. Effective fertilizer management is critical to maintain economic production and protect long-term environmental quality. Field studies were conducted over 4 yr at two locations in southwestern Manitoba to determine the effect of source, timing and placement of N on grain yield and N recovery of durum wheat (Triticum durum L. 'Sceptre') under reduced-tillage (RT) and conventional-tillage (CT) management. The effect of N management on durum grain yield and N recovery differed with soil type and tillage system. On the clay loam (CL) soil, lower yields with fall-as compared with spring-banded N were more frequent under RT than CT. Lower yields occurred more frequently with fall-applied as compared with spring-applied urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) than when urea or NH 3 was the N source. On the drier fine sandy loam (FSL) soil, fall applications of N generally produced similar to higher grain yield than did spring applications. Differences among fertilizer sources and tillage systems were much less frequent with spring than fall applications of N. Where differences occurred, durum grain yields were higher with insoil than surface applications of urea or UAN. In-soil applications of urea and UAN increased durum grain yield as compared with surface applications more frequently under RT than CT on the CL soil where yield potential was high, whereas increases on the FSL were as common under CT as under RT. On soils with a high yield potential, enhanced immobilisation and/or volatilisation of surface-applied N may reduce grain yield by reducing available N, particularly under RT. Selection of a suitable source-timing and placement combination to optimise crop yield may be more important under RT than CT. . La fumure minérale doit être conduite de façon, à la fois, à maintenir la production à un niveau rentable et à préserver à terme la qualité environnementale. Des travaux au champ réalisés sur une période de 4 ans à deux emplacements du sud-ouest du Manitoba avaient pour objet d'établir l'effet de la forme d'utilisation et de la période et du mode d'épandage de N sur le rendement grainier et sur l'exportation de l'azote par une culture de blé dur (Triticum durum L. 'Sceptre') conduite en régime de travail réduit (TR) et de travail classique (TC) du sol. L'effet des modalités de conduite de la fumure sur les deux paramètres étudiés différaient selon le type de sol et selon le régime de travail. Sur loam argileux (LA), les rendements étaient plus fréquemment moins bons après épandage d'automne en bandes latérales qu'après l'é-pandage de printemps en régime TR qu'en régime TC. De même, il était plus fréquemment moins bon en épandage d'automne que de printemps quand N était fourni sous forme de nitrate d'ammonium-urée (NAU), plutôt que d'ammoniac anhydre. Sur le loam sableux fin plus sec (LSF), la fumure d'automne donnait, en général, d...

Effect of form, placement and rate of N fertilizer, and placement of P fertilizer on wheat in Saskatchewan

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Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan

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