[457][458][459][460][461][462][463][464][465][466][467]. A study was initiated in the fall of 1996 in the Black soil zone in east-central Saskatchewan (parkland region) to examine the soil and crop response to application of liquid swine manure at different rates, frequencies and methods of application. Low, medium and high rates of liquid swine manure (equivalent to approximately 100, 200 and 400 kg total N ha -1 , respectively) were applied annually and in reduced frequency applications using injection and broadcast/incorporated placement over a 4-yr period. Crops grown during this period were Argentine canola (Brassica napus L.) in 1997, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1998, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 1999, and Argentine canola in 2000. Under an annual application regime, a significant elevation of pre-seeding available N in the 0-60 cm soil depth and increased grain yield and protein content with increasing application rates of liquid swine manure were observed. Under a reduced frequency application regime, elevation of pre-seeding available N, grain yield and protein content observed in the year of application declined in the second year, and were significantly diminished by the third year. Cumulative N use efficiency (NUE) was highest (50-60%) for low annual application and lowest (10-30%) for high annual application rates that were injected. Generally, injection of liquid swine manure into the soil resulted in better enhancement of pre-seeding available N, higher grain yield and protein content, and better NUE than broadcasting and incorporation. Type of opener used to inject swine manure had no significant effect on either crop response or available N. This study showed that in the Black soil zone of the parkland region of Saskatchewan, annual application of low to medium rates (100 to 200 kg total N ha -1 ) of liquid swine manure are sufficient for high grain yield and grain protein, without leaving excess nitrates in the soil. In contrast, annual application of high rates (400 kg total N ha -1 ) of liquid swine manure has no agronomic advantage over the lower rates, but may result in higher residual nitrates in the soil, increasing potential for environmental pollution.Key words: Swine manure, N availability, manure management, N use efficiency Mooleki, S. P., Schoenau, J. J., Hultgren, G., Wen, G. et Charles, J. L. 2002. Incidence du taux, de la fréquence et de la méthode d'application du purin de porc sur l'azote disponible dans le sol, sur le rendement agricole et sur l'assimilation du N dans le centre-est de la Saskatchewan. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82: 457-467. À l'automne de 1996, les auteurs ont entrepris une étude dans la zone des sols noirs du centre-est de la Saskatchewan (région des prairies-parcs) afin de vérifier la réaction du sol et des cultures à l'application de purin de porc. Le taux, la fréquence et la méthode d'application du purin variaient. Pendant quatre ans, on a appliqué au sol une faible, une moyenne ou une grande quantité de purin de porc (l'équivalent a...

. A study was initiated in 1996 in the Black Soil zone in east-central Saskatchewan to examine soil and crop response to application of feedlot cattle manure at different application rates, frequencies and incorporation timing in a sandy loam and loam soil. Three rates of feedlot cattle manure (approx. 100, 200 and 400 kg total N ha -1 ) were applied annually and under reduced frequency application regimes. Canola (Brassica napus, L.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.), hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) and canola were seeded in spring of 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Pre-seeding available N (0-60 cm) increased with application rates. Annual application resulted in a linear increase in grain yield with application rates but had no effect on grain N concentration. Cumulative N use efficiency was low (7-10%) with no significant difference among treatments. Single application showed significant residual fertility benefit in the second year but not in the third year except at the high rate. Incorporation timing of feedlot cattle manure had no impact on soil or crop performance. Low availability of N in feedlot cattle manure over the short-term suggests the need for high application rates or addition of supplemental N fertilizer in order to meet crop N requirements. de 1997, 1998, 1999 et 2000, ils ont ensuite semé respectivement du canola (Brassica napus L.), du blé de printemps (Triticum aestivum L.), de l'orge nue (Hordeum vulgare L.) et du canola. La quantité de N disponible avant les semis (à une profondeur de 0 à 60 cm) augmente avec le taux d'application. Lorsque l'application est annuelle, le rendement grainier augmente de manière linéaire avec le taux d'application, mais les applications annuelles n'agissent pas sur la concentration de N dans le grain. L'assimilation cumulative de N est faible (de 7 à 10 %) et ne varie pas sensiblement d'un traitement à l'autre. Le sol garde une importante fertilité résiduelle l'année immédiate suivant l'application, mais pas l'année subséquente, sauf au taux le plus élevé. Le moment de l'incorporation n'a aucune incidence sur le rendement du sol ou de la culture. La faible assimilation à court terme du N du FB laisse croire qu'on devrait recourir à un taux d'application élevé ou ajouter un engrais azoté pour satisfaire aux exigences de la culture.

Green manure crops may have a role to play in the development of sustainable agricultural systems in the semiarid northern Great Plains of North America. This study determined the benefits of different green manure crops, seeding dates, and termination methods on soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and moisture, as well as the performance of durum wheat following green manures the following year. Field experiments were conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, from 2006 to 2009. Three green manure crops [forage pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.), and black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)] were seeded in May, June, and July, and terminated at full bloom using glyphosate, rototilling or by frost. Other treatments included summerfallow and stubble of selected crops harvested for grain or silage. Different green manure crops, seeding dates or termination methods had similar effects on soil moisture, available N, and exchangeable P at termination or the following spring. These effects of green manure management on soil residual characteristics were comparable to those observed under summerfallow, but higher than those on grain or silage stubble. Therefore, green manure is a viable alternative to summerfallowing and could be seeded any time during the growing season. If seeded late, green manure could be terminated by frost, thus saving on costs.

[197][198][199][200][201][202]. Increasing use of animal manures in Saskatchewan requires information on the fate and distribution of residual manure Cu and Zn in Saskatchewan soils. To address this issue, the amounts of soil Cu and Zn in various inorganic and organic fractions were investigated in a field crop research plot (Cudworth Association soil) with a 5-yr history of annual application of liquid swine manure and solid cattle manure, and in two grassland field research plots (Meota and Oxbow Association soils) that had received annual application of liquid swine manure for 3 yr. The annual rates of manure application were based on N contents in the manures, and were equivalent to approximately 0, 100, 200 and 400 kg total N ha -1 yr -1 in the field crop plots, and 0 and 100 kg total N ha -1 yr -1 in grassland plots. In both the field crop and grassland manured plots there were no substantial increases in total Cu and Zn in soils associated with manure application. Some increases in the moderately labile Cu and Zn fractions were observed in treatments with large amounts of animal manures applied every year. The liquid swine manure had less effect than cattle manure on increasing labile Cu and Zn fractions. These results indicate that annual addition of animal manures at rates of approximately 100 kg N ha -1 for 3 to 5 yr does not constitute an environmental risk from Cu and Zn loading in these soils.

. 2009. Effect of fertilizer nitrogen management and phosphorus placement on canola production under varied conditions in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 29Á48. No-till (NT) requires all fertilizer nutrients to be applied during planting, but high rates of fertilizer nitrogen (N) in close proximity to the seed can negatively affect seedling development; therefore, different placement technologies have been developed to place seed and N in a single operation while maintaining an adequate separation between them. We conducted a 3-yr field study (2000 to 2002) at four sites in Saskatchewan. The objective was to determine the effects of N fertilizer form [urea (U) and anhydrous ammonia (AA)], placement [broadcast, side-band (SB) and mid-row band (MRB)], timing (fall vs. spring), rate (0 to 90 or 120 kg N ha(1 ), and P fertilizer placement on yield, seed protein content and N uptake in canola. The N fertilizer managements had no significant effect on crop emergence. Yield, seed protein concentration and N uptake increased with increasing N fertilizer rate. Seed protein was significantly higher on SB compared with MRB and on U compared with AA. Seed yield and seed and straw N uptake were higher when U was SB compared with broadcast. Plant density was higher when P was placed in SB rather than with the seed, but the reverse was true for seed yield and seed N uptake.