[457][458][459][460][461][462][463][464][465][466][467]. A study was initiated in the fall of 1996 in the Black soil zone in east-central Saskatchewan (parkland region) to examine the soil and crop response to application of liquid swine manure at different rates, frequencies and methods of application. Low, medium and high rates of liquid swine manure (equivalent to approximately 100, 200 and 400 kg total N ha -1 , respectively) were applied annually and in reduced frequency applications using injection and broadcast/incorporated placement over a 4-yr period. Crops grown during this period were Argentine canola (Brassica napus L.) in 1997, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1998, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 1999, and Argentine canola in 2000. Under an annual application regime, a significant elevation of pre-seeding available N in the 0-60 cm soil depth and increased grain yield and protein content with increasing application rates of liquid swine manure were observed. Under a reduced frequency application regime, elevation of pre-seeding available N, grain yield and protein content observed in the year of application declined in the second year, and were significantly diminished by the third year. Cumulative N use efficiency (NUE) was highest (50-60%) for low annual application and lowest (10-30%) for high annual application rates that were injected. Generally, injection of liquid swine manure into the soil resulted in better enhancement of pre-seeding available N, higher grain yield and protein content, and better NUE than broadcasting and incorporation. Type of opener used to inject swine manure had no significant effect on either crop response or available N. This study showed that in the Black soil zone of the parkland region of Saskatchewan, annual application of low to medium rates (100 to 200 kg total N ha -1 ) of liquid swine manure are sufficient for high grain yield and grain protein, without leaving excess nitrates in the soil. In contrast, annual application of high rates (400 kg total N ha -1 ) of liquid swine manure has no agronomic advantage over the lower rates, but may result in higher residual nitrates in the soil, increasing potential for environmental pollution.Key words: Swine manure, N availability, manure management, N use efficiency Mooleki, S. P., Schoenau, J. J., Hultgren, G., Wen, G. et Charles, J. L. 2002. Incidence du taux, de la fréquence et de la méthode d'application du purin de porc sur l'azote disponible dans le sol, sur le rendement agricole et sur l'assimilation du N dans le centre-est de la Saskatchewan. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82: 457-467. À l'automne de 1996, les auteurs ont entrepris une étude dans la zone des sols noirs du centre-est de la Saskatchewan (région des prairies-parcs) afin de vérifier la réaction du sol et des cultures à l'application de purin de porc. Le taux, la fréquence et la méthode d'application du purin variaient. Pendant quatre ans, on a appliqué au sol une faible, une moyenne ou une grande quantité de purin de porc (l'équivalent a...

A snow management system, which utilizes no‐till seeding into standing stubble immediately after harvest of the previous crop, has permitted the expansion of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in western Canada. The effect of seed rate and row spacing on grain yield and yield components of no‐till winter wheat were evaluated in 21 trials conducted in Saskatchewan from 1986 to 1988. Two winter wheat cultivars were evaluated in eight of the trials. The relationship between grain yield (Y) and seed rate was best described by a modified inverse polynomial: Y = uSR(1‐SR/566)/(SR + u/104) where u represents the upper limit of yield when seed rate is not limiting. This curve accounted for 98% of the observed variation in grain yield. Optimum seed rate varied from 58 kg ha−1 at a very dry trial to 148 kg ha−1 in a trial with more favorable growing conditions. Grain yield increased as row spacing decreased and the effect of row spacing on pain yield was increased under more favorable growing conditions. Increased seed rate and decreased row spacing interacted positively to increase grain yield so optimum seed rate increased as row spacing decreased. Increased spikes per square meter was responsible for the increase in grain yield associated with high seed rate and narrow row spacing. In contrast, kernel weights were slightly higher with low seed rate and kernels per spike were higher with low seed rate and wide row spacing. Optimum seed rate was higher for the cultivar ‘Norstar’ than for ‘Norwin’ due to higher yield potential of Norstar under the conditions experienced in this study.

. 2009. Effect of fertilizer nitrogen management and phosphorus placement on canola production under varied conditions in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 29Á48. No-till (NT) requires all fertilizer nutrients to be applied during planting, but high rates of fertilizer nitrogen (N) in close proximity to the seed can negatively affect seedling development; therefore, different placement technologies have been developed to place seed and N in a single operation while maintaining an adequate separation between them. We conducted a 3-yr field study (2000 to 2002) at four sites in Saskatchewan. The objective was to determine the effects of N fertilizer form [urea (U) and anhydrous ammonia (AA)], placement [broadcast, side-band (SB) and mid-row band (MRB)], timing (fall vs. spring), rate (0 to 90 or 120 kg N ha(1 ), and P fertilizer placement on yield, seed protein content and N uptake in canola. The N fertilizer managements had no significant effect on crop emergence. Yield, seed protein concentration and N uptake increased with increasing N fertilizer rate. Seed protein was significantly higher on SB compared with MRB and on U compared with AA. Seed yield and seed and straw N uptake were higher when U was SB compared with broadcast. Plant density was higher when P was placed in SB rather than with the seed, but the reverse was true for seed yield and seed N uptake.

. 2010. Effect of form, placement and rate of N fertilizer, and placement of P fertilizer on wheat in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 319Á337. On the Canadian prairies, the one-pass seeding and fertilizing no-till system is very common. However, the close proximity of the fertilizer to the seed can cause damage to the emerging seedlings due to a combination of a salt effect and/or ammonia toxicity. Manufacturers have responded by developing openers that allow placement of seed and fertilizer in separate bands. A 3-yr study was initiated in 2000 to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) form [urea (U) and anhydrous ammonia (AA)], placement [broadcast (Br), side-band (SB) or mid-row band (MRB)], timing (fall or spring) and rate (0 to 90 or 120 kg N ha (1 ), and phosphorus (P) placement (7 to 10 kg P ha(1 ) on plant density, seed and straw yield, seed protein content, and N uptake of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under no-till at four sites representing different agro-ecological zones in Saskatchewan. Rate of applied N had the most dominant effect on agronomic variables, while form, placement, and timing of application of N had minor effects. Generally, SB and MRB were comparable in terms of seed yield, N uptake and seed protein content. From a practical perspective, SB and MRB could be used with equal success with either U or AA. Side banding P produced responses similar to seed-placed P, except under very dry conditions where side banding was superior. In general, placement of urea in soil in a band was more effective than broadcasting, while fall banding can be less effective than spring banding.Key words: Anhydrous ammonia, N application timing, N form, N and P placement, N uptake, protein content, urea, wheat, yield Mooleki, S. P., Malhi, S. S., Lemke, R. L., Schoenau, J. J., Lafond, G., Brandt, S., Hultgreen, G. E., Wang, H. et May, W. E. 2010. Incidence du type, de la me´thode de placement et du taux d'application des engrais N ainsi que de la me´thode de placement des engrais P sur la culture du ble´en Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 319Á337. Dans les Prairies canadiennes, on recourt couramment a`la technique qui consiste a`semer et a`fertiliser en un seul passage, sans travail du sol. Cependant, la proximite´de l'engrais et de la graine peut causer des dommages aux plantules, conse´cutivement a`la salinisation du sol ou a`la toxicite´de l'ammoniaque, ou les deux. Les fabricants y ont reme´die´en cre´ant des socs permettant de placer les graines et l'engrais dans des bandes distinctes. En 2000, les auteurs ont entrepris une e´tude de trois ans pour ve´rifier l'incidence du type d'engrais azote´(N) (ure´e et ammoniac), de la me´thode de placement [a`la vole´e, en bande late´rale (BL) ou en bande a`mi-rang (BMR)], du moment de la fertilisation (automne ou printemps) et du taux d'application (0 a`90 ou 120 kg de N par hectare), ainsi que de la me´thode de placement du phosphore (P) (7 a`10 kg de P par hectare) sur la densited u peuplement, le rendement en grain et en paille, la teneur en prote´in...

. 2001. Spring wheat and canola response to nitrogen placement with no-till side band openers. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: [191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198]. The development of successful no-till crop production systems has led to the practice of applying all the seed and fertilizer in a single field operation. This study was initiated to assist producers in the selection of commercially available bolt-on side banding openers. Field trials were conducted at 10 locations in Saskatchewan over a 2-yr period (1995 and 1996) to evaluate the performance of five bolt-on side band openers on the establishment and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brasica rapa L.). Trial locations were selected to provide a range of soil and environmental conditions. The openers tested included the Flexi-coil Stealth™, Dutch-Vern Eaglebuster™, Swede SW470™, GEN 200 and Morris Edge-On™. Fertilizer nitrogen (N) as urea was applied in the side band at rates of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha -1 with a side banded starter fertilizer blend of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur. When properly adjusted for individual site soil conditions at seeding, no difference was recorded between the side band openers tested in the establishment and grain yield of spring wheat. Averaged across all N rates, three of the five openers showed poor canola seedling emergence, indicating inadequate seed-fertilizer separation. However, the ability of the canola crop to branch and compensate for poor crop establishment prevented any significant grain yield loss in this study. In cases where differences between openers were observed, the Flexi-Coil Stealth™ and GEN 200™ openers provided the best crop establishment. Given the importance of crop establishment to achieving optimum grain yields, the bolt-on side band openers that provided good crop establishment should be recommended to producers.