Influence of specific surface area and microporosity-mesoporosity of pristine and Pt-nanoclusters modified carbide derived carbon electrodes on the oxygen electroreduction

Lust, Enn; Vaarmets, Kersti; Nerut, Jaak; Tallo, Indrek; Valk, Peeter; Sepp, Silver; Härk, Eneli

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.054

Cited by 32 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For instance, Vaarmets et al prepared Pt-nanocluster-activated molybdenum carbide-derived carbon electrodes for oxygen electroreduction in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 [51]. The influence of specific surface area and microporosity-mesoporosity of Pt-nanocluster-modified carbide-derived carbon toward ORR was examined by Lust and coworkers [52]. In another study, Pt nanoclusters were decorated and highly distributed on Pd nanorods, and the Pt-on-Pd catalysts displayed a mass activity as high as 105.3 mA mg −1 at 0.9 V with a Pt content as low as 1.5 wt% [53].…”

Section: Pt Clusters For Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Noble Metal Clusters

Tang

Wang

2018

Catalysts

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Highly-efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been extensively investigated for the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The state-ofthe-art Pt/C catalysts suffer from high price, limited accessibility of Pt, sluggish reaction kinetics, as well as undesirable long-term durability. Engineering ultra-small noble metal clusters with high surface-to-volume ratios and robust stabilities for ORR represents a new avenue. After a simple introduction regarding the significance of ORR and the recent development of noble metal clusters, the general ORR mechanism in both acidic and basic media is firstly discussed. Subsequently, we will summarize the recent efforts employing Pt, Au, Ag, Pd and Ru clusters, as well as the alloyed bi-metallic clusters for acquiring highly efficient catalysts to enhance both the activity and stability of ORR. Molecular noble metal clusters with definitive composition to reveal the relevant ORR mechanism will be particularly highlighted. Finally, the current challenges, the future outlook, as well as the perspectives in this booming field will be proposed, featuring the great opportunities and potentials to engineering noble metal clusters as highly-efficient and durable cathodic catalysts for fuel cell applications.

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Section: Pt Clusters For Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Noble Metal Clusters

Tang

Wang

2018

Catalysts

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“…The synthesized materials were used in symmetrical MEAs to evaluate the suitability of novel catalyst materials at both electrodes of the FC. It should be noted that comparable order of catalysts has been established for oxygen electroreduction (ORR) activity in the three-electrode system measured using different CDCs synthesized from Mo 2 C [33] as well as in nonsymmetrical single cells using Pt nanocluster activated Pt-C(Mo 2 C) as cathodes and Pt-C(Vulcan) as anodes [37]. Thus, the activity of symmetrical Pt-C(Mo 2 C) cathode and Pt-C(Mo 2 C) anode-based single cells is controlled by the electroreduction activity of the O 2 on the cathode and the influence of the anode structural composition for H 2 oxidation rate is negligible.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterization Of the Pt-c-based Single Cellsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The results of N 2 sorption measurements are presented in Table 1. Deposition of the Pt nanoparticles onto Pt-C(Mo 2 C) decreases the specific surface area of a catalyst, but the Pt nanocluster deposition does not change the shape of pore size distribution plot; i.e., the Pt-C(Mo 2 C) catalyst and C(Mo 2 C) catalyst support have comparable macro-mesoporous structure and pore size distribution [33].…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under start-stop conditions, the corrosion of carbon support for conventional cathode catalysts is a critical problem for PEMFC durability in automotive applications [16][17][18][19][23][24][25]. Therefore, different carbon supports [17][18][19][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] have been tested during long-term catalyst optimization studies [16][17][18][19][32][33][34][35][36]. Influence of structural parameters of PEMFC electrodes like the particle size, interparticle distance, and metal (Pt, Pt-metal, or non-Pt-metal) loading has been systematically tested and summarized in many papers [14][15][16][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prepare carbon materials with high specific surface area and well-defined hierarchical bimodal pore size distribution, the selective extraction of non-carbon elements from carbides can be used [24, 27-33, 35, 36]. Resulting carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) are unique microporous and mesoporous materials where pore size, pore shape, ratio of micropore area to mesopore area, ratio of micropore volume to mesopore volume, and other parameters (e.g., graphitization level) can be controlled in a very exact manner [24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. It has been suggested that CDCs are viable fuel cell catalyst supports that are capable of realizing the full potential and electrochemical activity of Pt nanoparticles with superior corrosion stability [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enhanced stability of symmetrical polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell single cells based on novel hierarchical microporous-mesoporous carbon supports

Sepp

Vaarmets

Nerut

et al. 2016

J Solid State Electrochem

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Fuel cell electrodes were prepared from Pt nanocluster activated hierarchical microporous-mesoporous carbon powders. The carbon supports were synthesized from molybdenum carbide applying the high-temperature chlorination method. Six different synthesis temperatures within the range from 600 to 1000°C were used for preparation of carbon supports. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen sorption, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy methods were used to characterize the structure of the electrode materials and symmetrical membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). The MEAs prepared were used to conduct the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)single-cell measurements. The polarization and power density curves for single cells were calculated to evaluate the activity of the catalyst materials synthesized. The electrochemically active surface area (from 2.4 to 11.9 m 2 g −1) was obtained in order to estimate the contact surface areas of platinum and Nafion® electrolyte. The values of the electrolyte resistance, polarization resistance, and cell degradation rate were calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. The carbon materials synthesized within temperature range from 600 to 850°C were found to be the most suitable supports for PEMFCs, having higher maximum power density values and better stability (cell potential degradation 240 μV h −1) than commercial carbonbased (Vulcan XC72; 670 μV h −1) single cells.

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Oxygen Reduction at Shape‐Controlled Platinum Nanoparticles and Composite Catalysts Based on (100)Pt Nanocubes on Microporous–Mesoporous Carbon Supports

et al. 2015

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The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on bare (100)Pt nanoparticles supported by molybdenum‐carbide‐derived carbon [(100)Pt–C(Mo2C)] with high specific surface area and controlled microporosity–mesoporosity, pore size distribution, electrical conductivity, and corrosion stability was studied in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution by using rotating‐disk‐electrode and cyclic voltammetry methods. The C(Mo2C) powder was prepared from Mo2C at a fixed chlorination temperature (750 °C). Pt nanoparticles were prepared through colloid chemistry and deposited onto/into C(Mo2C) and Vulcan XC72 carbon supports for comparison. The ORR cathodic current densities and half‐wave potentials strongly depend on the characteristics of the carbon material used as the support. High values for the ORR current density were calculated for (100)Pt–C(Mo2C) and the half‐wave potential is nearly 80 mV more positive compared with that for the (100)Pt–Vulcan XC72 catalyst with a similar catalyst loading.

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Influence of specific surface area and microporosity-mesoporosity of pristine and Pt-nanoclusters modified carbide derived carbon electrodes on the oxygen electroreduction

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Noble Metal Clusters

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Noble Metal Clusters

Enhanced stability of symmetrical polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell single cells based on novel hierarchical microporous-mesoporous carbon supports

Oxygen Reduction at Shape‐Controlled Platinum Nanoparticles and Composite Catalysts Based on (100)Pt Nanocubes on Microporous–Mesoporous Carbon Supports

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