Influence of stand, site and meteorological variables on the maximum leaf area index of beech, oak and Scots pine

Bequet, Raphael; Kint, Vincent; Campioli, Matteo; Vansteenkiste, Dries; Muys, Bart; Ceulemans, R.

doi:10.1007/s10342-011-0500-x

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In accordance with this, Kantor et al (2009) found that LAI in spruce and beech stands increased in the course of the whole time series (observed up to age of 21 years) of the stand development. On the other hand, research conducted in mature stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), showed that stand age was important predictor of LAI only in case of pedunculate oak stands (Bequet et al 2012). The reason of this could be that individual dominant and codominant trees overcome the equilibrium LAI and invasion of competitive species is going up (Balandier et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf area index of Norway spruce stands in relation to age and defoliation

Pokorný

Stojnić

2012

Beskydy

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Pokorný R., Stojnič S. 2012: Leaf area index of Norway spruce stand in relation to its age and defoliation. -Beskydy, 5 (2): 173-180This contribution presents LAI data of 17 Norway spruce stands of different age (from 15 to 102 years) and health status (defoliation ranging from 0 to 40 %) located in the Těšínské Beskydy Mts. (NE of the Czech Republic). Defoliation degree was estimated by ocular observation and LAI was estimated indirectly on the base of gap fraction method using LAI-2000 PCA (Li-Cor, USA). It was found that LAI decreased with stand age (approximately from 12.6 to 8.5) whereas defoliation increased. Therefore, strong relationship between defoliation and LAI as well as gap fractions was found. LAI appears valuable parameter for health status of stand evaluation due to linear relationship (r 2 = 0.87) between LAI and defoliation. As LAI can be estimated more objectively by a canopy analyzer then the degree of canopy defoliation by ocular observation, there is a perspective for a wide use LAI in forest practice. The LAI values can be used for the evaluation of health status of Norway spruce stands.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf area index of Norway spruce stands in relation to age and defoliation

Pokorný

Stojnić

2012

Beskydy

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“…Scots pine is a rather drought tolerant species while Norway spruce requires moist sites (Schmidt-Vogt, 1991;Modrzynski, 2007). Scots pine is a light demanding, early-successional species with low LAI (Bequet et al, 2012), while Norway spruce is more shade tolerant, late successional-species (Brzeziecki & Kienast, 1994) with twice the LAI (Pokorny and Stojnic, 2012). Due to the double LAI, deposition is higher for Norway spruce than for Scots pine.…”

Section: Discussion Species Traits Niches and Hypothesized Causes Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] can be more productive than monocultures. Evidence from over 100 years of observation of long-term experiments

2014

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Many studies underline the importance of species diversity for most forest functions and services (Zhang et al., 2012;Gamfeldt et al., 2013). Close-to-nature mixed species stands are widely held to supply many ecological, economical and social forest goods and services in a similar or even better way than far-from-nature monocultures (Hector & Bagchi, 2007;Piotto, 2008;Forrester, 2014 AbstractAim of study: The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of species mixing of Scots pine and Norway spruce on the productivity at the stand and species level. We also analysed to what extent the mixing effects is modified by drought stress.Area of study: The study was conducted in N-E Poland and based on three experiments located in Maskulinskie, Strzal / owo and Kwidzyn Forest Districts.Material and methods: We evaluated long-term mixed-species experiments in Scots pine and Norway spruce which are under continuous survey since more than 100 years. Stand productivity was analysed based on the periodic annual increment and total yield of stem volume. Growth and yield were compared between mixed and neighbouring pure stands. As a substitute for the missing Norway spruce monocultures, we used appropriate yield table data. In order to characterize the effect of water supply on the mixing effects, we correlated the Martonne index of aridity with the ratio of Scots pine growth in mixed versus pure stands.Main results: We found that the mixed stands exceed the weighted mean of the pure stands' volume productivity on average by 41%. At the species level Scots pine benefits from the mixture by 34% and Norway spruce by 83%. Growth periods with harsh climate conditions reinforce overyielding, while periods with mild conditions reduce the benefit of mixing. The overyielding of mixed stands, especially when growing under unfavourable conditions, is explained by niche complementarity of both species and discussed in view of the stress-gradient-hypothesis.Research highlights: The revealed overyielding of mixed compared with neighbouring pure stands, particularly under harsh weather conditions, substantiates the preferences of Scots pine-Norway spruce mixtures regarding climate change.Key words: drought resilience; mixed stand; pure stand; facilitation; competition; overyielding; underyielding. This work has two Supplementary Figures that do not appear in the printed article but that accompany the paper online Abbreviations: PAIV (periodic annual increment of stem volume, in m 3 ha -1 yr -1 ); RPAIV (relationship between PAIV of a species in pure versus mixed stands); TY (total yield of merchantable stem volume ≥ 7 cm over bark, in m 3 ha -1 ); RTY (ratio between TY of a species in pure versus mixed stands); Ma (Martonne index of aridity).

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“…However, the information available on these dynamics is limited to a few species (Vose et al 1994;Gond et al 1999) and even less information is available about differences among sites. Phenological studies relate the timing of leaf unfolding to temperature (Black et al 2000) and growing degree-days (von Wuehlisch et al 1995) but no information is available about the drivers of leaf development during the other leaf phenological phases (e.g. achievement of maximum leaf area) or about the speed of LAI changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf area index development in temperate oak and beech forests is driven by stand characteristics and weather conditions

Bequet

Campioli

Kint

et al. 2011

Trees

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Using data from 20 even-aged and homogeneous mature beech and oak study plots in Flanders (Northern Belgium), an analysis of the empirical relationships between the rates of leaf area index (LAI) change throughout the leaf development of 2008 and stand, site and meteorological variables was performed. Species-specific multiple linear regressions were fitted between the rates of LAI change and the predictors for two distinct periods from April until August. After a sharp increase in LAI following budburst, the seasonal LAI development for both species showed a marked period of stationary LAI development over all study plots. The cause for the cessation of LAI growth was assumed to be the decline of air temperature and radiation during this period. Later on, the rate of LAI development restarted similarly in every plot. The influence of weather on LAI development was high and its effects were different between species, with beech mostly affected by radiation and oak negatively related to minimal and maximal values of air temperature. Furthermore, our analysis suggested that stand structural (tree density and stand basal area for both species) and tree growth characteristics (average tree-ring width ratio for oak) variables were major drivers of the LAI development during early spring. Later during the growth period, stand variables became less predominant in affecting LAI development. Site quality variables affected LAI development to a lesser extent. The seasonal LAI development was found very similar among stands. This study adds a more accurate and comprehensive approach to the modelling of LAI development during leaf growth of two important European temperate deciduous forest species

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Influence of stand, site and meteorological variables on the maximum leaf area index of beech, oak and Scots pine

Cited by 31 publications

References 68 publications

Leaf area index of Norway spruce stands in relation to age and defoliation

Leaf area index of Norway spruce stands in relation to age and defoliation

Mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] can be more productive than monocultures. Evidence from over 100 years of observation of long-term experiments

Leaf area index development in temperate oak and beech forests is driven by stand characteristics and weather conditions

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