Influence of stimulation by electroejaculation on myocardial function, acid–base and electrolyte status, and hematobiochemical profiles in male dromedary camels

Influence of electro-ejaculator on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins and bone metabolism biomarkers in male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

“…be associated with pathological conditions, as the WBCs did not change significantly among T0, T1 and T2 values, thus confirming the absence of pathological conditions (Tharwat, Ali, et al 2014). Therefore, these elevations, together with the cortisol increases, could be due to a physical 'stress' resulting in the numerous changes (Huzzey et al 2011;Bauer et al 2012;.…”

“…The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Scientific Research Deanship of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. The experimental design was reported recently in details (Tharwat, Ali, et al 2014). Briefly, twenty sexually mature, healthy male dromedary camels were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Qassim University for assessment of fertility soundness.…”

“…The power step control regulated the maximum voltage to the probe in seven increments (power steps) ranging from 10 to 40 v. Within each power step, a bull was stimulated by turning the stimulator knob smoothly from zero to the maximum voltage, then back to zero, over a period of 2-3 s. The voltage was then increased to the next higher power step and the process repeated. Once ejaculation had begun, no further increase in voltage was used unless it was judged necessary to obtain a complete ejaculate (Ali et al 2014;Tharwat, Ali, et al 2014).…”

“…Electroejaculation (EEJ) is used frequently to collect semen from infertile dromedary camels (Skidmore et al 2013;Ali et al 2014;Tharwat, Ali, et al 2014). However, the procedure has raised concerns and implications in the area of animal welfare; it is painful and stressful (Palmer 2005;Damian and Ungerfeld 2011;Fumagalli et al 2012;Whitlock et al 2012).…”

“…However, the procedure has raised concerns and implications in the area of animal welfare; it is painful and stressful (Palmer 2005;Damian and Ungerfeld 2011;Fumagalli et al 2012;Whitlock et al 2012). In addition, it is recently reported that EEJ causes cardiac injury; however the damage is temporary and reversible (Tharwat, Ali, et al 2014).…”