Influence of Stove, Fuel, and Oxidation Flow Reactor Conditions on Aging of Laboratory-Generated Cookstove Emissions

Abstract

Oxidation flow reactor (OFR) experiments are a useful way to explore secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production during photochemical aging of biomass combustion emissions. Here, we extend previous work by studying SOA formed by emissions from three cookstoves used in low-income settings (Philips, Chulika, and three-stone fire (TSF)) while varying the fuel type (red Oak and loblolly Pine) and OFR operating conditions. Differences in SOA formation across fuel types were relatively minor, with SOA formation increases of <30% for Oak vs Pine experiments. Mass spectral fragments (f 44 , f 43 , and f 60 ) from aged Oak and Pine emissions generally spanned the same continuum with combustion technology playing a larger role in dictating aged OA evolution than the fuel type. Combustion technology also has a much greater influence on net aerosol climate forcing relative to interfuel differences. The OFR was operated under "wet" and "dry" conditions, to study the impacts of more or less tropospherically relevant oxidation conditions on SOA formation, respectively. SOA formation did not vary dramatically across OFR conditions and was larger by up to 27% for the TSF and 5% for the Philips for "wet" operation. OA spectral differences were greater, with f 44 up to 28% greater for "wet" operating conditions at similar levels of aging. Overall, changes in reactor operation were not sufficient to alter major conclusions from previous work where the OFR was operated under conditions similar to the "dry" conditions applied here. Positive matrix factorization analyses on SOA spectra identified two factors, a transient oxidation factor and a uniformly aged factor, which were similar across experiments.

Cookstove Emissions and Performance Evaluation Using a New ISO Protocol and Comparison of Results with Previous Test Protocols

“…Therefore, the cleaner-burning stoves (LPG at both power levels and Pellet at high-power) emit lower quantities of SOA precursors, in agreement with previous work. 49,50 Regarding health effects, the 16 EPA priority PAHs (designated as such for their human toxicological effects) accounted for the majority of total PAH emissions from all stove/fuel combinations. Percent contributions of priority PAHs to total PAHs at high-power operation were highest for the Pellet stove (95%) and lowest for LPG (65%); at lowpower operation, the forced-draft stoves (Pellet and Wood Fan) and Wood Rocket had the highest percent composition of priority PAHs (89%), while Charcoal had the lowest (72%).…”

Temporal dynamics, meteorological effects, secondary organic aerosol estimation, and source identification of size‐segregated carbonaceous aerosols

“…[51] Furthermore, the study by Sinha et al emphasizes the influence of fuel type on the photochemical processing of biomass emissions, shedding light on the factors affecting SOA formation. [52] Collectively, these references support the understanding of SOA dynamics, sources, and seasonal variations, providing valuable context for the observed seasonal changes in estimated SOA concentrations in Aksaray, Turkey.…”

Oxidative potential of fine particulate matter emitted from traditional and improved biomass cookstoves

“…Although this study focused on the OP DTT of primary PM 2.5 emitted from biomass cookstoves, oxidation of gaseous emissions from wood fuel combustion in a traditional three-stone cookstove, improved natural-and forced-draed cookstoves can give rise to secondary organic aerosol formation. 85,86 Over time, as these secondary organic aerosol form and emissions disperse throughout the household, their contribution may become more signicant, potentially leading to differences in exposure levels between the kitchen and the rest of the household. The health impacts of this secondary organic aerosol remain unknown and should be examined.…”