Influence of strains and environmental cultivation conditions on the bioconversion of ergosterol and vitamin D₂ in the sun mushroom

Abstract

BACKGROUND:The fungus Agaricus subrufescens is grown commercially in China, the USA, Brazil, Taiwan and Japan, among others. However, each country adopts a cultivation system that significantly influences the agronomical parameters and chemical composition of the harvested mushrooms. In this study, the influence of the cultivation process on the content of ergosterol and vitamin D 2 was evaluated.RESULTS: Four commercial strains of A. subrufescens (ABL 04/49, ABL CS7, ABL 18/01 and ABL 19/01) and two environmental cultivation conditions (in the field and a controlled chamber with the absence of sunlight) were used. Infield cultivation, ABL CS7 and ABL 19/01 strains presented better agronomic parameters, whereas in a protected environment ABL 19/01, ABL 04/49 and ABL 18/01 demonstrated better performance, respectively. The highest biological efficiency value (64%) was provided by ABL 19/01 strain in a controlled environment.CONCLUSION: The highest content in ergosterol (990 mg kg −1 ) and vitamin D 2 (36.8 mg kg −1 ) were observed in mushrooms obtained in the field from strain ABL 04/49, which presents reasonable agronomic parameters for cultivation.

Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Properties of Wild Edible Mushrooms from Native Nothofagus Patagonian Forests

“…The differences in ergosterol and other nutritional and bioactive compounds depend on the species, stage of development, tissues, nutrient substrate, and microclimate [ 26 , 59 ]. Vieira Junior et al [ 39 ] showed that ergosterol biosynthesis and its bioconversion into ergocalciferol were also affected by the cultivation process in Agaricus subrufescens production, showing differences between field culture and controlled conditions. Ergosterol is metabolized into a prohormone—vitamin D. Its action is related with bone mineral metabolism and with the balance of phosphorus and calcium, related to various mechanisms such as secretion and effect of insulin, regulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, endothelial function, cell cycle control and apoptosis, immunological self-tolerance, and immune response against infections, among other effects [ 60 ].…”

“…The ergosterol was quantified after extraction following Vieira Junior et al [ 39 ]. It was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a UV detector (280 nm), as described by Cardoso et al [ 40 ], and was identified and quantified by comparison with the pure chemical standard and expressed in mg/100g dw.…”

The application of the scratching technique has the same effect on Pleurotus spp.?

“…The inoculums were prepared following the methodology proposed by Vieira Junior and co-authors [18], using sorghum seeds that were boiled at 100°C for 30 minutes and then added with 2% limestone. To spawn poduction, the following steps were used: selection of mushroom and production of subculture; parent spawn; and finally grain spawn.…”

Critical review on chemical compositions and health-promoting effects of mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill

“…On the other hand, ergosterol (73–90 mg/100 g) was isolated from AbM lipid fractions by Takaku et al (2001) . Ergosterol, as a precursor of vitamin D 2 (1.95–3.68 mg/100g), was usually present in AbM mushrooms at higher levels than other crops ( Rózsa et al, 2019 ; Vieira Junior et al, 2021 ). Normally, fat accounted for 1.82 g/100 g (2–8%) of the AbM ( Carneiro et al, 2013 ; Firenzuoli et al, 2008 ).…”