Influence of Sugar Upon Olfactory Acuity and Upon the Sensation Complex of Appetite and Satiety

Goetzl, Franz R.; Goldschmidt, Margaret; Wheeler, Priscilla; Stone, F. Beth

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(49)80036-9

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Also, fasting for 24 h improved odour sensitivity (Cameron et al, 2012). Making use of natural diurnal variations in hunger states prior to and following freely selected meals, olfactory sensitivity to food odours (coffee and citrus) was found to be higher prior to than following meals, and increased even more if a meal was skipped (Goetzl and Stone, 1947). These results were corroborated by other researchers in the 1950s (Guild, 1956;Hammer, 1951).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In this study, the sensitivity to various odours such as cedar wood and Russian leather increased during fasting for 5-10 days, a finding that was replicated in a subsequent experiment where the participants were tested before and after a meal. Since then, the finding of increased sensitivity to odours in a hungry state has been corroborated in rats (Aime et al, 2007) and humans (e.g., Goetzl and Stone, 1947;Hammer, 1951;Ramaekers et al, 2016); but see also (Janowitz and Grossman, 1949;Koelega, 1994) (Koelega, 1994, Janowitz andGrossman, 1949) for conflicting findings in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex difference in human olfactory sensitivity is associated with plasma adiponectin

Pfabigan

Vezzani

Thorsby

et al. 2022

Hormones and Behavior

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sex difference in human olfactory sensitivity is associated with plasma adiponectin

Pfabigan

Vezzani

Thorsby

et al. 2022

Hormones and Behavior

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“…Milk given to adults to replace, calorically, a freely chosen lunch produced neither the feeling of satiety nor the blunting of perception of smell associated with the meal (670). The preference of growing boys in California for milk bread increased gradually with the increase in milk content in three steps from 0 to 14% (671).…”

Section: (C) General Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section D. Nutritive value of milk and milk products

Kon

Henry

1951

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…On the other hand, Goetzl et al (2) found that olfactory acuity (which they believe to be a measure of hunger) is lowered in human subjects after drinking a sugar solution, but that no such change takes place if sugar is either tasted but not swallowed, or else swallowed in capsules and hence not tasted. Their subjects also reported that their hunger for lunch was lessened only when they drank the sugar solution so that it was both tasted and present in the stomach.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunger-reducing effects of food by stomach fistula versus food by mouth measured by a consummatory response.

Berkun¹,

Kessen²,

Miller³

1952

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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In a recent study, Kohn (5) compared the immediate effect on hunger drive in albino rats of (a) 14 cc. enriched milk injected directly into the stomach, (6) 14 cc. enriched milk taken normally by mouth, and (c) a control injection of 14 cc. of isotonic saline. For his measure of hunger, Kohn used the rate of performing a response (pushing a little panel) reinforced periodically with food. The advantage of this procedure was that only negligible amounts of food were given in the course of taking the measure. Response rate immediately after the milk injection was lower than after the saline injection, and was still lower after milk drunk by mouth. This suggests (a) that the presence of the milk in the stomach produced a prompt reduction in hunger, and ( 6) the stimuli involved in drinking the milk produced an additional prompt reduction in hunger, As Kohn pointed out, such conclusions have implications not only for the study of satiation, but also for a drive-reduction theory of reinforcement. However, the generality of these conclusions depends, as he clearly indicates, on the validity of his measure of hunger. Certainly the readiness to perform work instrumental to getting food is one aspect of what is commonly meant by the strength of hunger drive. The amount of food consumed is another aspect. But a study by Miller, Bailey, and Stevenson (6) indicates that under some conditions these two measures fail to agree. Therefore, it seemed desirable to repeat Kohn's experiment to see if the same results would be obtained with a consummatory response (amount of milk drunk) substituted for the instrumental response as a measure of hunger. PROCEDUREThe subjects, thirteen male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, aged 100 to 160 days, were run in four successive squads. Plastic fistulas were sewn into their stomachs according to the procedure described by Kohn (5).The measure of hunger was the amount of milk drunk during a 10-min. test period from a glass tube, inside diameter 4 mm. but slightly constricted at the end by fire-polishing, which was inserted into each animal's living cage. The tube delivered milk from a 50-cc. pipette graduated in 0.2-cc. steps. Animals seldom drank for more than 3 to 4 min., after which they tended to lie down and go to sleep. Each animal was used as its own control and always drank from the same tube. So that a distinctive stimulus situation, equal for all animals, would always immediately precede the test, each rat was placed on an elevated perch, 3 in. by 6 in., for % min. just before being returned to its cage for the test.Prefeeding. Ten minutes before this drinking test, animals were prefed by one of the 3 methods whose effect was to be measured, namely, (a) 14 cc. of isotonic saline injected via fistula directly into the stomach (known as stomach saline), (6) 14 cc. of milk injected via

show abstract

Influence of Sugar Upon Olfactory Acuity and Upon the Sensation Complex of Appetite and Satiety

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Sex difference in human olfactory sensitivity is associated with plasma adiponectin

Sex difference in human olfactory sensitivity is associated with plasma adiponectin

Section D. Nutritive value of milk and milk products

Hunger-reducing effects of food by stomach fistula versus food by mouth measured by a consummatory response.

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