Influence of surfactant and oil composition on the stability and antibacterial activity of eugenol nanoemulsions

Comparison study on antioxidant, DNA damage protective and antibacterial activities of eugenol and isoeugenol against several foodborne pathogens

“…Some studies have reported the antibacterial activity of eugenol against some bacteria [ 6 , 28 – 30 ], but there was very little information on isoeugenol in this respect. In this study, the antibacterial activities of eugenol and isoeugenol against several common foodborne pathogens were investigated primarily.…”

Bergamot essential oil nanoemulsions: antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity

“…In particular, small-molecule surfactants, such as polysorbates, may cause the redistribution of the junction of proteins, which leads to the increment of paracellular permeability in cellular monolayer [70], hence promoting a synergistic effect with EOs, which might better permeate through cell monolayers, and eventually cause the leakage of cytoplasmic contents [66]. Remarkably, EOs nanoemulsion cytotoxicity was reported to depend also on nanoemulsion formulation, including not only the type and concentration of emulsifier(s) but also the composition of the oil phase [67], especially if the EO is mixed with a ripening inhibitor [71][72][73]. This effect might be regarded as indirect, by affecting the emulsion mean droplet size, and hence its specific surface area, or direct, as discussed in Section 3.3, when the mass transfer of EO to the cells is affected by the presence of surfactant or emulsifier micelles in the continuous phase [30], also contributing to the resulting cytotoxic effect.…”

The adsorption and aggregation properties of dendritic cationic tetrameric surfactants

“…[4][5][6][7][8] So far, extensive research has been carried out on cationic dimeric surfactants because of their simple synthesis and broad application prospects, for instance, in gene and drug delivery, 9,10 nano-materials preparation, 11 emulsion polymerization, 12 corrosion inhibitors 13 and antimicrobial materials. 14 The excellent properties of the cationic dimeric surfactants led researchers to synthesize higher oligomeric surfactants, for example, trimeric or tetrameric surfactants, [15][16][17][18] which consist of three or more hydrophobic and polar head groups connected by different spacers.…”

“…Yoshimura et al 30 reported the synthesis of anionic-type trimeric surfactants (3C n taAm, n ¼ 8, 10, 12) with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine as a spacer, in which the carbonyl groups were reduced to the methylene groups. To reduce the reaction procedure, they conducted methylation of three primary amine groups in the spacer, then carried out quaterisation and prepared the star-shaped cationic trimeric surfactants (3C n trisQ, n ¼ 8, 10,12,14). 31 Uner et al 32 synthesized the star-shaped octameric surfactants by copper(I)-catalysed azidealkyne cycloaddition(CuAAC) click reaction under mild reaction conditions.…”

“…38 This tetrameric surfactant shows good surface activity, emulsifying ability, foam performance, and application prospects. To more understand adsorption and self-assembly behaviors of the cationic tetrameric surfactants with dendritic structures, the paper synthesized this type of surfactants (4C n -tetraQ, n ¼ 12, 14,16). Their physicochemical properties were studied by Wilhelmy plate method, electrical conductivity, uorescence spectra and dynamic light scattering technique.…”