Influence of Suspending Liquid, Impactor Type, and Substrate on Size-Selective Sampling of MS2 and Adenovirus Aerosols

Appert, Jessica; Raynor, Peter; Abin, Martha; Chander, Yogesh; Guarino, H.; Goyal, Sagar M.; Zuo, Zhengxing; Song, Ge; Kuehn, Thomas H.

doi:10.1080/02786826.2011.619224

Cited by 35 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…MS2 is a small (25 to 30 nm), non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) coliphage. It has been frequently tested as a general surrogate for animal and human viruses due to its innocuousness, high stock titer, and rapid analysis (Woo et al 2010;Appert et al 2012). The high stock titer of MS2 compared to AIV and HAdV-1 used in this study gives MS2 an advantage for better virus detection and lower measurement uncertainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells were grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) (Mediatech, Herndon, VA) as described in Appert et al (2012). AIV (A/Maryland/2007/H9N9) was propagated and titrated using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (CCL-34, ATCC) in MEM as described by Zuo et al (2013).…”

Section: Test Methods Virus Propagation and Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MS2 (15597-B1, ATCC) was propagated and titrated using log-phase Escherichia coli C-3000 (700891, ATCC) in tryptic soy broth as described in Appert et al (2012). The prepared MS2 stock was stored at ¡80 C until used.…”

Section: Test Methods Virus Propagation and Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry impactors have been widely used under laboratory conditions but their performance in long-term sampling for low level virus concentration has not been fully tested, leaving their performance as a field sampler unclear. An eight-stage non-viable Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) has been compared with a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) (MSP, Shoreview, MN, USA) in a previous study, where the former was capable of size-selectively sampling viral aerosols with better recoveries of virus (Appert et al 2012). This previous study is related to the current study, but the test facility was changed from a wind tunnel to a larger and more complex environmental chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exceptions to this generalization, however, do exist (Mbithi et al 1991). Actual response of a virus may also depend on the type of medium it is suspended in Appert et al 2012;Zuo et al 2014). Significant interactive effect between RH and temperature on virus survivability has been reported (Tang 2009;Zuk et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne Virus Survivability During Long-Term Sampling Using a Non-Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor in an Environmental Chamber

Song

Kuehn

Abin

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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In order to evaluate the survivability of airborne viruses and the sampling performance of an eight-stage non-viable Andersen impactor in typical indoor environments featuring low viral aerosol concentrations, aerosols of a male-specific bacteriophage (MS2), human adenovirus type 1 (HAdV-1), and avian influenza virus (AIV) were sampled size-selectively using the impactor in an environmental chamber. Live virus titer, total virus RNA or DNA concentration, and intensity of a fluorescein tracer were measured to calculate relative virus recovery and virus survival. Viral aerosols were first sampled for 1 and 6 h at 25 C and 50% relative humidity (RH). Virus inactivation and plate overloading were found to be significant in the impactor. Viral aerosols were then sampled at different temperature and humidity levels. MS2 and AIV showed higher survival at lower temperature. Absolute humidity (AH) was found to be a better predictor of virus survival than RH, and the interaction between AH and temperature was not significant. For the tested AH range of 8.8 to 15.2 g/m 3 , MS2 and HAdV-1 had the highest survival at the lowest AH while AIV had the highest survival at the highest AH. More than 95% of mass collected was for particles smaller than 4.7 mm, with the mass median diameter of 1.5 mm. In the nebulizer, virus inactivation was not significant at 10 psi (69 kPa) compressed air pressure for up to 6 h of nebulization. Nebulizer analysis also reveals that the use of fluorescein tracer may not always accurately predict the physical loss of virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Methods Virus Propagation and Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Methods Virus Propagation and Titrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Airborne Virus Survivability During Long-Term Sampling Using a Non-Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor in an Environmental Chamber

Song

Kuehn

Abin

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Han

Zhang

et al. 2023

Environ Chem Lett

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Evaluation of an electrostatic particle ionization technology for decreasing airborne pathogens in pigs

et al. 2015

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Influenza A virus (IAV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and Staphylococcus aureus are important swine pathogens capable of being transmitted via aerosols. The electrostatic particle ionization system (EPI) consists of a conductive line that emits negative ions that charge particles electrically resulting in the settling of airborne particles onto surfaces and potentially decreasing the risk of pathogen dissemination. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of the EPI system on the quantity and viability of IAV, PRRSV, PEDV and S. aureus in experimentally generated aerosols and in aerosols generated by infected animals. Efficiency at removing airborne particles was evaluated as a function of particle size (ranging from 0.4 to 10 µm), distance from the source of ions (1, 2 and 3 m) and relative air humidity (RH 30 vs. 70 %). Aerosols were sampled with the EPI system “off” and “on.” Removal efficiency was significantly greater for all pathogens when the EPI line was the closest to the source of aerosols. There was a greater reduction for larger particles ranging between 3.3 and 9 µm, which varied by pathogen. Overall airborne pathogen reduction ranged between 0.5 and 1.9 logs. Viable pathogens were detected with the EPI system “on,” but there was a trend to reducing the quantity of viable PRRSV and IAV. There was not a significant effect on the pathogens removal efficiency based on the RH conditions tested. In summary, distance to the source of ions, type of pathogen and particle size influenced the removal efficiency of the EPI system. The reduction in infectious agents in the air by the EPI technology could potentially decrease the microbial exposure for pigs and people in confinement livestock facilities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10453-015-9413-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Influence of Suspending Liquid, Impactor Type, and Substrate on Size-Selective Sampling of MS2 and Adenovirus Aerosols

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Airborne Virus Survivability During Long-Term Sampling Using a Non-Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor in an Environmental Chamber

Airborne Virus Survivability During Long-Term Sampling Using a Non-Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor in an Environmental Chamber

Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Evaluation of an electrostatic particle ionization technology for decreasing airborne pathogens in pigs

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