Influence of temperament and character on resilience

Kim, Jun Won; Lee, Hye Kyung; Lee, Kounseok

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.05.005

Cited by 54 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The OFC has been known to play a crucial role in encoding the reward value of pain or pleasure (Gottfried et al , 2003; Kringelbach, 2005; Leknes and Tracey, 2008; Kahnt et al , 2010; Sescousse et al , 2010; Grabenhorst and Rolls, 2011; Berridge and Kringelbach, 2013), which is in accordance with behavioral studies reporting a close positive correlation of psychological resilience with reward dependence (Simeon et al , 2007; Kim et al , 2013) and reward experience (Geschwind et al , 2010). Furthermore, this region is also considered to be a critical node of brain networks underlying emotion regulation (Banks et al , 2007; Welborn et al , 2009; Golkar et al , 2012; Petrovic et al , 2016; Shiba et al , 2016), which corresponds to the view that ‘psychologically resilient individuals are emotionally intelligent’ (Salovey et al , 1999; Tugade and Fredrickson, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The resilient brain: psychological resilience mediates the effect of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in orbitofrontal cortex on subjective well-being in young healthy adults

Kong

You

et al. 2018

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Psychological resilience reflects the capacity to bounce back from stress, which plays an important role in health and well-being. However, less is known about the neural substrate for psychological resilience and the underlying mechanism for how psychological resilience enhances subjective well-being in the healthy brain. To investigate these issues, we employed fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) measured with resting-state fMRI in 100 young healthy adults. The correlation analysis found that higher psychological resilience was related to lower fALFF in the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is involved in reward-related processing and emotion regulation. Furthermore, the mediation analysis indicated that psychological resilience acted as a full mediator of the association between the fALFF in left OFC and subjective well-being indicators (i.e. life satisfaction and hedonic balance). Importantly, these results remained significant after controlling for the effect of gray matter volume and regional homogeneity in the region. Overall, the present study provides the further evidence for functional neural substrates of psychological resilience and reveals a potential mechanism that psychological resilience mediates the effect of spontaneous brain activity on subjective well-being.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The resilient brain: psychological resilience mediates the effect of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in orbitofrontal cortex on subjective well-being in young healthy adults

Kong

You

et al. 2018

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…High Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness has also emerged as strongly correlated with resilience and capacity to handle stress in both men and women (45), and furthermore as important determinants of well-being (especially with regard to Self-Directedness) (46). Cloninger concludes in a recent research overview that the most happy, healthy, and fulfilled individuals are those who are high in the TCI character dimensions (47).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAntisocial personality and psychopathic traits have constantly been found to accompany criminal and aggressive behaviors, but little attention has been given to aspects of character maturity and its relation to such behaviors. The present study investigated (1) whether level of character maturity (low, medium, and high) is associated with amount of aggressive antisocial behaviors (AABs) and psychopathic traits in young men imprisoned for violent criminality, and (2) whether such an association is independent of coexisting attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsSwedish males (N = 270, aged 18–25) sentenced to prison for violent and/or sexual criminality in the western region of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service underwent a thorough clinical examination during their incarceration. Data on character maturity, as measured by the character dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness of the Temperament and Character Inventory, were available for n = 148 subjects and were used to divide these offenders into three groups with low, medium, and high character maturity. These groups were then compared for variables reflecting criminal history, a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorders (SUD), aggressive behaviors, and psychopathic traits.ResultsCharacter maturity was consistently associated with less AABs and psychopathic personality traits; the group with the highest character maturity showed: (i) a later age at onset of criminality, (ii) a smaller number of prior violent criminal acts, (iii) lower prevalence of ADHD, CD, and SUD, (iv) less self-rated and expert-rated aggressive behaviors, and (v) less psychopathic traits. The association between character maturity and aggressive behaviors/psychopathic personality traits remained even when ADHD was controlled for. The only exception was sexual criminality, where the group with the highest character maturity contained the largest amount of sexual offenders.ConclusionHigher character maturity appeared to be a protective factor among young male violent offenders, associated with less AABs, suggesting that character maturity is a promising target for treatment interventions for this group of individuals.

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“…Although sex differences have been reported (Yu et al, 2011), there is also evidence of absence of relationship (Jowkar et al, 2010). On the other hand, resilience has been associated to several aspects of mental health like suicide risk (Roy et al, 2011), substance use (Fadardi et al, 2010), depression and anxiety (Goldstein et al, 2013;Haddadi & Besharat, 2010;Scali et al, 2012), self-esteem and coping strategies (Steinhardt & Dolbier, 2008), temperament and character (Kim et al, 2013), distress and psychological well-being (Haddadi & Besharat, 2010;Salehi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Circadian typology is related to resilience and optimism in healthy adults

Antúnez

Navarro

Adán

2015

Chronobiology International

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The relationships between circadian typology and several aspects related to mental health, such as satisfaction with life, emotional intelligence, perceived well-being and psychopathological symptomatology have been documented. However, their relationships with two psychological strengths such as resilience and optimism have not been examined yet. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore whether circadian typology is related to both measures, taking into consideration the possible influence of sex. A sample of 1922 participants (978 men), aged between 18 and 60 yrs (30.08 ± 10.53) completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Circadian typology was associated with different values in resilience (F(2,1915) = 45.89; p < 0.001; [Formula: see text]( )= 0.046) and optimism (F(2,1915) = 37.74; p < 0.001; [Formula: see text]( )= 0.038), independently of the sex. Morning-type subjects showed the highest resilience and optimism scores while the lowest scores were shown by evening-type, exhibiting the neither-type subjects intermediate scores (p < 0.007, in all cases). These results suggest that evening-type subjects could display less capacity to face adversity and adapt positively, as well as less expectance of the occurrence of positive events compared to neither and morning-type individuals. In addition, these results provide new evidence that might improve our understanding about the relationships between circadian typology and psychological traits and disorders. Although future studies with longitudinal designs are needed, the obtained results emphasize that the evening-type could be a risk factor for the development of psychological problems and mental disorders, whereas the morning-type could be considered as a protective factor.

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Influence of temperament and character on resilience

Cited by 54 publications

References 25 publications

The resilient brain: psychological resilience mediates the effect of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in orbitofrontal cortex on subjective well-being in young healthy adults

The resilient brain: psychological resilience mediates the effect of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in orbitofrontal cortex on subjective well-being in young healthy adults

Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD

Circadian typology is related to resilience and optimism in healthy adults

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