Influence of temperature and age of Nezara viridula L. eggs on the scelionid egg parasitoid, Trissolcus megallocephalus (Ashm.) (Hym., Scelionidae)

Abstract

Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the influence of temperature and age of Nezara viridula eggs on the rate of parasitism by Trissolcus megallocephalus, the rate of emerged parasitoids, the duration of developmental stages, the adult longevity and the daily rate of oviposition. The results indicated that the highest rate of parasitism 55.4 ± 2.37/female (92.33%) and the highest number of emerged parasitoids 55.10 ± 2.60 individuals/female (91.83%) were obtained when the females were reared at a constant temperature of 25°C. At 30°C, egg‐larval stage, pupal stage and total developmental stages showed the shortest developmental time. Results showed also a negative response between adult parasitoids longevity and temperature. Females deposited the highest number of eggs during the first day at the highest temperature of 30°C, while the females which were reared at 25°C, 20°C and 21–36°C fluctuating temperature deposited the highest number of eggs during the second day. The results also indicated that the parasitoid females attacked host eggs at all developmental stages before hatching. The rate of parasitism and the number of emerged parasitoids were relatively high except for host eggs more than 3 days old. The shortest duration of developmental stages (14.2 ± 2.86 days) were obtained at host eggs of two days old, and increased to (17.8 ± 2.39 days) at 5 days old with a significant difference (P < 0.05). No significant differences were obtained between the adult longevity and the different ages of host eggs.

Effects of temperature on reproductive capacity and longevity of Trissolcus simoni, an egg parasitoid of Eurygaster integriceps

“…Obtained results are in agreement with those of Chabi-Olaye et al (1997), Awadalla (1996), and James and Warren (1991).…”

“…and 39.6 for T. podisi Ashmead at 21°C (Yeargan 1982);41.4, 56.4, and 49.0 at 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively, for T. megallocephalus (Ashm.) (Awadalla 1996);55.9, 163.1, and 87.6 at 15.0, 22.5, and 32.5°C, respectively, for T. oenone Dodd (James and Warren 1991);138.8, 194.9, and 173.2 at 18, 22, and 30°C, respectively, for T. basalis (Correa-Ferreira and Moscardi 1994); 61.1 and 82.1 at 21 and 28°C for T. isis (Polaszek) (Chabi-Olaye et al 2001). The differences with the numbers of the present study can be attributed to different conditions and parasitoid-host species combinations tested.…”

An exotic parasitoid provides an invasional lifeline for native parasitoids

“…This may be due to the salivary secretions produced by parasitoid larvae just prior to pupation that solidify to provide protection from foreign bodies (Safavi, 1968) , 1992). Interestingly, this is similar to the situation observed when T. cultratus females were provided H. halys eggs that had been frozen 3-5 days after being laid (Figure 3b); while eggs were attacked and marked (Figure 1), very few progeny are produced (Figure 3) (Awadalla, 1996;Kivan & Kilic, 2005).…”

Effects of daily fluctuating temperatures on the Drosophila–Leptopilina boulardi parasitoid association

“…For example, Awadalla (1996) showed that temperature fluctuations during development led to a decrease in the success of the parasitoid Trissolcus megallocephalus on the green stink bug (Nezara viridula) compared to that observed in a constant thermal regime. In contrast, the emergence rate of the parasitoid Eumicrosoma blissae on the oriental chinch bug (Cavelerius saccharivorus) increased in fluctuating thermal conditions in comparison to a constant temperature (Sadoyama, 2007).…”