Influence of temperature and CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; on the strontium and magnesium composition of coccolithophore calcite

Müller, Marius; Lebrato, Mario; Riebesell, Ulf; Ramos, Joana Barcelos e; Schulz, Kai G.; Blanco‐Ameijeiras, Sonia; Sett, Scarlett; Eisenhauer, Anton; Stoll, Heather

doi:10.5194/bg-11-1065-2014

Cited by 39 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Mean exponential growth rates for C. braarudii at 15 • C were 0.68 d −1 . These values are well within the ranges reported in other studies carried out at similar temperatures for Calcidiscus (Langer et al, 2006;Buitenhuis et al, 2008;Fiorini et al, 2010Fiorini et al, , 2011Langer et al, 2012;Candelier et al, 2013;Müller et al, 2014) and H. carteri (Stoll et al, 2002;. Exponential growth rates of 0.4-0.5 d −1 signify that roughly half of the culture population undergoes cell division each day.…”

Section: Growth Ratessupporting

confidence: 89%

Physiology regulates the relationship between coccosphere geometry and growth phase in coccolithophores

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Coccolithophores are an abundant phytoplankton group that exhibit remarkable diversity in their biology, ecology and calcitic exoskeletons (coccospheres). Their extensive fossil record is a testament to their important biogeochemical role and is a valuable archive of biotic responses to environmental change stretching back over 200 million years. However, to realise the full potential of this archive for (palaeo-)biology and biogeochemistry requires an understanding of the physiological processes that underpin coccosphere architecture. Using culturing experiments on four modern coccolithophore species (Calcidiscus leptoporus, Calcidiscus quadriperforatus, Helicosphaera carteri and Coccolithus braarudii) from three long-lived families, we investigate how coccosphere architecture responds to shifts from exponential (rapid cell division) to stationary (slowed cell division) growth phases as cell physiology reacts to nutrient depletion. These experiments reveal statistical differences in coccosphere size and the number of coccoliths per cell between these two growth phases, specifically that cells in exponential-phase growth are typically smaller with fewer coccoliths, whereas cells experiencing growth-limiting nutrient depletion have larger coccosphere sizes and greater numbers of coccoliths per cell. Although the exact numbers are species-specific, these growth-phase shifts in coccosphere geometry demonstrate that the core physiological responses of cells to nutrient depletion result in increased coccosphere sizes and coccoliths per cell across four different coccolithophore families (Calcidiscaceae, Coccolithaceae, Isochrysidaceae and Helicosphaeraceae), a representative diversity of this phytoplankton group. Building on this, the direct comparison of coccosphere geometries in modern and fossil coccolithophores enables a proxy for growth phase to be developed that can be used to investigate growth responses to environmental change throughout their long evolutionary history. Our data also show that changes in growth rate and coccoliths per cell associated with growthphase shifts can substantially alter cellular calcite production. Coccosphere geometry is therefore a valuable tool for accessing growth information in the fossil record, providing unprecedented insights into the response of species to environmental change and the potential biogeochemical consequences.

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Section: Growth Ratessupporting

confidence: 89%

Physiology regulates the relationship between coccosphere geometry and growth phase in coccolithophores

et al. 2017

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“…Environmental control suggests that skeletal mineralogy is driven by the seawater within which the bryozoan lives with little or no physiological involvement from the animal itself. Environmental factors influencing mineralogy may include salinity (Bohaty et al 2012) and carbonate chemistry (Müller et al 2014) in addition to temperature; however, it is assumed that temperature is the primary control when using wt% MgCO 3 in calcite as a paleoclimatic proxy (Weiner & Dove 2001). Strong biological control has the potential to confound environmental signals, compromising the usefulness of a species or phylum as a recorder of paleo-temperature (Weiner & Dove 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Mg-calcite in Antarctic bryozoan skeletons across spatial scales

Loxton¹,

Kukliński²,

Barnes³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Bryozoans exhibit a highly variable chemistry within their calcium carbonate skeletons. Previous studies have shown that the level of Mg-calcite in skeletons increases with increasing seawater temperature. For high-latitude regions such as the Antarctic, which have a low range of annual sea-temperature variation, there have been no studies on bryozoan skeletons with replicated sampling approaches suitable for statistical testing. Our aim was to conduct high-replicate, multi-site sampling to determine the variability in skeletal mineralogy of bryozoans from a site in Antarctica. During an expedition in January 2012, a total of 584 specimens representing 4 bryozoan species were collected from 8 sites at Adelaide Island, West Antarctic Peninsula, by SCUBA diving. All specimens were sampled within a 3 wk period and were selected to be of similar size, age and breeding status. We compared the variability in the wt% MgCO 3 in calcite of skeletons among species and investigated the relative influence of environmental and biological factors on skeleton chemistry. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the wt% MgCO 3 in calcite in bryozoan skeletons was statistically different among sites for all study species. The difference in wt% MgCO 3 among sites may be explained by habitat fragmentation driving directional adaptation of isolated populations to local environmental conditions. The relationship between Mg-calcite and temperature was inconsistent among species, and the predicted positive correlation between seawater temperature and Mg-calcite was not exhibited in any of the species examined. On this basis, we suggest that Antarctic bryozoan Mg-calcite should not be considered a reliable indicator of paleo-temperature.

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“…Elevated temperature increases growth (Feng et al, 2008;Arnold et al, 2013;Sett et al, 2014), photosynthesis (Feng et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2011;Müller et al, 2014) and calcification (Xu et al, 2011;Müller et al, 2014) of coccolithophores. There is also growing evidence showing that elevated temperature had a positive impact on the photosynthesis of other phytoplankton taxa, such as diatoms (Li et al, 2012) and cyanobacteria (Fu et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Effects Of Ocean Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of anthropogenic stress factors on marine phytoplankton

Häder¹,

Gao

2015

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Phytoplankton are the main primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Their biomass production and CO 2 sequestration equals that of all terrestrial plants taken together. Phytoplankton productivity is controlled by a number of environmental factors, many of which currently undergo substantial changes due to anthropogenic global climate change. Most of these factors interact either additively or synergistically. Light availability is an absolute requirement for photosynthesis, but excessive visible and UV radiation impair productivity. Increasing temperatures enhance stratification and decrease the depth of the upper mixing layer exposing the cells to higher solar radiation and reduce nutrient upward transport from upwelling deeper water. At the same time, stratospheric ozone depletion exposes phytoplankton to higher solar UV-B radiation especially in polar and mid-latitudes. Terrestrial runoff carrying sediments and dissolved organic matter into coastal waters leads to eutrophication while reducing UV penetration. All these environmental forcings are known to affect physiological and ecological processes. Ocean acidification due to increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations changes the seawater chemistry; it reduces calcification in phytoplankton, macroalgae and many zoological taxa. Ocean warming results in changing species composition and favors blooms of toxic prokaryotic and eukaryotic phytoplankton. Increasing pollution from crude oil spills, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metal as well as industrial and household wastewaters affect phytoplankton which is augmented by solar UV radiation. Extensive analyses of the impacts of multiple stressors are scarce. Here, we review reported findings on the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on phytoplankton with an emphasis on their interactive effects and make an effort to provide a prospect for future studies.

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Influence of temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> on the strontium and magnesium composition of coccolithophore calcite

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

Physiology regulates the relationship between coccosphere geometry and growth phase in coccolithophores

Physiology regulates the relationship between coccosphere geometry and growth phase in coccolithophores

Variability of Mg-calcite in Antarctic bryozoan skeletons across spatial scales

Interactions of anthropogenic stress factors on marine phytoplankton

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