Influence of temperature and UV intensity on photo-polymerization reaction studied by photo-DSC

Rusu, Mihai; Block, Christophe; Assche, Guy Van; Mele, Bruno Van

doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2465-5

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Assche investigated the effect of temperature and UV intensity on the result of total reaction heat and conversion. The obtained results demonstrated that higher temperature and light intensity lead to a higher reaction rate in a shorter polymerization time [ 12 ]. Hong discovered the curing kinetics of a cationic polymerization system and discovered that the higher isothermal temperature leads to a significantly higher reaction rate constant and the higher concentration of photoinitiator will reduce the activation energy for the reaction [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Kinetic Analysis of Acrylate Photopolymer for Additive Manufacturing by Photo-DSC

Jiang

Drummer

2020

Polymers

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In this research, the curing degree of an acrylate-based monomer using direct UV-assisted writing technology was characterized by differential photo calorimetry (Photo-DSC) to investigate the curing behavior. Triggered by the UV light, the duo function group monomer 1,6-Hexamethylene diacrylate (HDDA), photoinitiator 1173 and photoinhibitor exhibit a fast curing process. The exothermal photopolymerization reaction was performed in the isothermal mode in order to evaluate the different thermal effects that occurred during the photopolymerization process. The influences of both UV light intensity and exposure time were studied with single-factor analysis. The results obtained by photo-DSC also allow us to perform the kinetic study of the polymerization process: The results show that, for the reaction, the higher the UV intensity, the higher the curing degree together with faster curing speed. At the same time, the effect of the heat released during the exothermic reaction is negligible for the polymerization process. When increasing the exposure time, limited improvement of curing degree was shown, and the distribution is between 65–75%. The reaction enthalpy and related curing degree work as a function of time. The Avrami theory of phase change was introduced to describe the experimental data. The functions of a curing degree with light intensity and exposure time were achieved, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Kinetic Analysis of Acrylate Photopolymer for Additive Manufacturing by Photo-DSC

Jiang

Drummer

2020

Polymers

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“…The reaction temperature was an important factor in polymerization. It had an important effect on polymerization rate, polymer molecular weight, and polymer structure as branching reactions took place at temperature above 70 °C …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scheme shows the adsorption of PFAM, HAPM/FC‐118 on the oil/water interface. The hydrophobic groups of FPAM will dissolve in oil phase, while FPAM interacted with crude oil showed in Scheme (a). For HPAM/FC‐118 compounds, the hydrophobic groups of FC‐118 will dissolve in oil phase and HPAM will dissolve in water phase as shown in Scheme (b), and FC‐118 will be separated from HPAM, whereas that not happen for FPAM interaction with oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic viscosity, rheological property, and oil displacement of hydrophobically associating fluorinated polyacrylamide

Luo

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The surface‐active polymer (FPAM) was synthesized by free‐radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and N‐dodecyl‐N‐perfluoro octane sulfonyl acrylamide (AMPD), which was prior prepared by reacting dodecylamine, perfluoro‐1‐octanesulfonyl fluoride, and acryloyl chloride. Parameters affecting the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and apparent viscosity (η) of FPAM, such as reaction temperature, AMPD concentration, AMPS concentration, monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and pH were examined. Apparent viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) of FPAM solution were evaluated. Subsequently, temperature tolerance and shear tolerance were investigated by comparing with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), and results indicated that the FPAM displayed better performances than HPAM. FPAM can reduce the IFT between crude oil/water, and the IFT values are around at 2.91 and 3.9 mN m−1 corresponding to FPAM and HPAM/FC‐118. The sandpack model oil displacement experiment showed that water flooding can further increase the oil recovery to 15.01% (FPAM), compared with 9.26% oil recovery for HPAM, and 10.99% oil recovery for HPAM/FC‐118. The glass micromodel techniques for studying enhanced oil recovery get a good result and provide a useful reference for understanding the displacement behaviors in polymer flood process. It could be concluded that the introduction of fluorinated groups in the polymer chain was helpful in enhancing the oil displacement efficiency. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44672.

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“…Finally, the chosen atmosphere during photopolymerisation influences significantly the crosslinking speed. Previous work shows that without purge gas the crosslinking reaction is much slower [34]. Since available 3D printers usually work without a protective atmosphere of nitrogen, photo-DSC measurements must be carried out without purge gas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation and modelling of the curing behaviour of photopolymers

et al. 2020

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This paper focuses on the experimental investigation and modelling of the crosslinking reaction of photopolymers used in additive manufacturing processes such as digital light processing and stereolithography. Starting with general mathematical concepts for the description of the material behaviour of polymeric materials, the importance of modelling the crosslinking reaction is emphasized. In order to characterise the crosslinking reaction experimentally, photocalorimetric measurements with varying isothermal temperature and light intensity are shown. From the exothermic heat flows measured during the crosslinking reaction, the degree of cure can be determined for each experimental scenario as a function of time. It is shown that the test temperature and light intensity have a significant influence on the crosslinking reaction. A modelling approach for the description of the crosslinking reaction incorporating temperature and light intensity is presented. Moreover, parameter identification and a comparison of the proposed model with the experiments are conducted. The indentified model has an excellent match with experimental data, resulting in a least square error smaller than 3 %. The proposed model and identification method opens up several extensions for the modelling of the material behaviour.

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Influence of temperature and UV intensity on photo-polymerization reaction studied by photo-DSC

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Curing Kinetic Analysis of Acrylate Photopolymer for Additive Manufacturing by Photo-DSC

Curing Kinetic Analysis of Acrylate Photopolymer for Additive Manufacturing by Photo-DSC

Intrinsic viscosity, rheological property, and oil displacement of hydrophobically associating fluorinated polyacrylamide

Experimental investigation and modelling of the curing behaviour of photopolymers

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