Intrinsic viscosity, rheological property, and oil displacement of hydrophobically associating fluorinated polyacrylamide

Abstract

The surface‐active polymer (FPAM) was synthesized by free‐radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and N‐dodecyl‐N‐perfluoro octane sulfonyl acrylamide (AMPD), which was prior prepared by reacting dodecylamine, perfluoro‐1‐octanesulfonyl fluoride, and acryloyl chloride. Parameters affecting the intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and apparent viscosity (η) of FPAM, such as reaction temperature, AMPD concentration, AMPS concentration, monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and pH were examined. Apparent viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) of FPAM solution were evaluated. Subsequently, temperature tolerance and shear tolerance were investigated by comparing with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), and results indicated that the FPAM displayed better performances than HPAM. FPAM can reduce the IFT between crude oil/water, and the IFT values are around at 2.91 and 3.9 mN m−1 corresponding to FPAM and HPAM/FC‐118. The sandpack model oil displacement experiment showed that water flooding can further increase the oil recovery to 15.01% (FPAM), compared with 9.26% oil recovery for HPAM, and 10.99% oil recovery for HPAM/FC‐118. The glass micromodel techniques for studying enhanced oil recovery get a good result and provide a useful reference for understanding the displacement behaviors in polymer flood process. It could be concluded that the introduction of fluorinated groups in the polymer chain was helpful in enhancing the oil displacement efficiency. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44672.

Wettability alteration of oil‐wet carbonate rocks by chitosan derivatives for application in enhanced oil recovery

“…Apart from that, oil production has always been strongly influenced by oil prices, and at the beginning of 2020, there was a significant price reduction, mainly caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been promoting an impact in the oil production around the world. 2,3 A fast decline of the crude oil production and the still great demand for it have been forcing the industry to develop new technologies for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) that would improve the production not only from matured fields, where up to 60% of the original oil in place (OOIP) is still unrecovered after the conventional primary and secondary recovery techniques have been employed but also from new fields. 4 The improvement of the oil production methods may contribute to decreasing the oil production costs, and in this scenario, EOR can play an essential role in achieving a substantial profit raise.…”

“…However, according to the annual report of OPEC 1 (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), the world oil demand growth in recent years was marginally revised in some countries. Apart from that, oil production has always been strongly influenced by oil prices, and at the beginning of 2020, there was a significant price reduction, mainly caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has been promoting an impact in the oil production around the world 2,3 . A fast decline of the crude oil production and the still great demand for it have been forcing the industry to develop new technologies for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) that would improve the production not only from matured fields, where up to 60% of the original oil in place (OOIP) is still unrecovered after the conventional primary and secondary recovery techniques have been employed but also from new fields 4 .…”

“…Surfactants or alkalis can reduce the capillary forces by increasing the capillary number (CN) through a decrease of the interfacial tension. Polymers, on the other hand, increase the injected fluid viscosity improving the sweeping efficiency of the system 3 . Increasing CN is known to enhance oil production, and the contact angle between the injected fluid and rocks surface is one of the parameters used to monitor CN changes, and consequently, the rocks wettability 4 .…”

Rheological properties of two high polymers suspended in an abrasive slurry jet

“…In the study of rheological properties of high polymer solutions, the effects of pH, concentration and reaction temperature on apparent viscosity, and interfacial tension of surface-active polymer solutions are investigated by Li et al (11). The rheological properties of partially hydrolyzed PAM have been improved by Hu et al (12) through using silica nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery.…”

Theory and practice of micro water-oil displacement efficiency based on mathematical models

“…Fu [13] shows the replacement pressure is positive correlative to the oil displacement efficiency in the early development stage. Fan Li [14], Rogério Soares Silva [15], Zheng [16] and Dong [17] also work on how to improve the EOR. However, there is seldom theoretical research on micro factors influences (such as interfacial tension) on macro factors (oil displacement efficiency), and the explanation of oil field development phenomena is usually acted by our experiences.…”