Influence of the composition of artificial turf on rotational traction and athlete biomechanics

Wannop, John W.; Foreman, T.K.; Madden, Ryan; Stefanyshyn, Darren J.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1598923

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Agility dogs often compete on a variety of surfaces, including dirt, artificial turf, sand, grass, and rubber matting. The specific surface composition determines the surface's mechanical behaviors, such as cohesion, shear, friction, and vertical displacement while undergoing load or shear forces (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Extrinsic factors such as temperature, moisture level, and how the surface is maintained also affect its mechanical behaviors (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of surface type and time of day on agility course performance

Pechette Markley,

Kieves,

Rivas

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionCanine agility competitions are performed on a variety of surfaces. In the equine and human literature, surface type has been associated with speed, performance, and injury risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of general surface type and time of day on calculated speed (yards per second over a measured course distance) and course performance during the UKI Agility International (UKI) U.S. Open. We hypothesized that surface type would affect calculated speed, with sand being the slowest.Materials and methodsData on course performance from the 2021 and 2022 events were obtained directly from UKI. The officiating judge measured course length, automatic timers recorded dogs’ course times, and speeds were calculated from these values. Three surfaces (dirt, grass, and sand) were compared across three categories of courses (jumpers, standard, and speedstakes). Differences in calculated speeds and qualifying rates were estimated using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for multiple runs by the same handler.ResultsAmong jumpers courses, those run on sand in 2021 were markedly slower than those run on dirt. Grass and dirt were more similar in terms of average calculated speed, though some courses run on grass were significantly faster than courses run on dirt and vice versa. Time of day effects observed were inconsistent, with more variability observed for dirt and sand than for grass.DiscussionThere was a notable variation in calculate speed based on surface with sand being slowest, likely due to the increased energy cost required to run on sand due to its high compliance. Calculated speeds on grass and dirt appeared generally similar, but there was substantial variability of calculated speed among various courses, making comparison of surface effects challenging. Variables within the surface itself (such as compaction level and moisture content) likely play a role in the effects of surface on speed and performance. This study provides insight into the complexity of surface effects on performance in agility dogs and highlights the need for canine-specific surface studies on the effect of surface variables and how these relate to risk of development of musculoskeletal injuries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of surface type and time of day on agility course performance

Pechette Markley,

Kieves,

Rivas

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…10 Consequently, these factors affect the quality of the turf and provide a greater risk of injury to athletes. 11 According to Mateus et al 12 and Wannop et al 13 compaction in sports fields is a factor that maximizes the risk of knee and ankle injuries, requiring that sports surfaces have low rotational traction, to reduce the joint load on the lower limbs, preserving the physical integrity of the players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compaction analysis in three low-performance soccer fields: a case study

Nascimento¹,

Martins²,

Santos³

et al. 2021

HIJ

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Football fields are the stage for major sporting competitions and essential for the practice of the sport, however, the intense traffic players during matches and training causes soil compaction. Compaction on soccer fields can damage the development of grass, affect the health of athletes, increasing the risk of injuries, and impairing gameplay. The present work aimed to identify the spatial distribution of compaction in low-performance soccer fields. Three soccer fields were selected, composed predominantly of potato grass (Paspalum notatum), which were divided into three sectors: S1- goalkeeper area (composed by the small and large area); S2–laterals (composed by the lateral ends of the field) and S3 - midfield (composed by the central interval between the large areas). Subsequently, the soil mechanical resistance to penetration (RMP) in the soil profile of 0–0.20m in each of the sectors was determined and the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance. It was found that there is a presence and variation of soil compaction in the different sectors of the three soccer fields studied, with averages varying between 654.62kPa and 3788.58kPa. Compaction levels were identified in certain sectors that can be limited to the development of potato grass and harmful to the health of athletes. Thus, it is recommended to carry out decompaction and/or aeration operations in the fields to improve the physical conditions of the soil.

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“…Durante o período do experimento não houve ocorrência de precipitação, sendo o manejo da irrigação realizado diariamente de forma manual, fornecendo a cada contêiner 2 litros de água.No dia 25 de junho de 2018, com o gramado já estabelecido, iniciou-se a simulação da pisada de um cavalo, quando os contêineres foram submetidos a aplicação da força artificial de 150 Kgf cm -2 (simulando valor intermediário desprendido pelos cavalos durante o andar), de acorda comBiologically Apllied Engenieering (2009). A força foi aplicada no centro dos contêineres por meio de tarugos (50 mm de diâmetro) e a pressão exercida por uma prensa universal de ensaios (Figura 1), conforme metodologia adaptada deWannop et al 2019. …”

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