Influence of the equivalence ratio on the knock and performance of a hydrogen direct injection internal combustion engine under different compression ratios

Li, Yong; Gao, Wenzhi; Zhang, Pan; Fu, Zhen; Cao, Xingda

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.031

Cited by 52 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The compression ratio of ε = 13 of the diesel engine was retained. This leads to severe knocking at low lambda values, which prohibits stoichiometric operation [35]. At the same time, this compression ratio enables very lean operation up to λ = 8 and shows efficiencies that can compete with diesel engines.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen as carbon-free fuel is a very promising candidate for climate-neutral internal combustion engine operation. In comparison to other renewable fuels, hydrogen does obviously not produce CO2 emissions. In this work, two concepts of hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs) are investigated experimentally. One approach is the modification of a state-of-the-art gasoline passenger car engine using hydrogen direct injection. It targets gasoline-like specific power output by mixture enrichment down to stoichiometric operation. Another approach is to use a heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with spark ignition and hydrogen port fuel injection. Here, a diesel-like indicated efficiency is targeted through constant lean-burn operation. The measurement results show that both approaches are applicable. For the gasoline engine-based concept, stoichiometric operation requires a three-way catalyst or a three-way NOX storage catalyst as the primary exhaust gas aftertreatment system. For the diesel engine-based concept, state-of-the-art selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts can be used to reduce the NOx emissions, provided the engine calibration ensures sufficient exhaust gas temperature levels. In conclusion, while H2-ICEs present new challenges for the development of the exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, they are capable to realize zero-impact tailpipe emission operation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

et al. 2021

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“…Bao et al [19] evaluated the engine polytropic index and found that (1) such an index was drastically affected by the hydrogen injection process, and (2) increasing injection duration and delaying injection timing during the compression stroke could increase the average polytropic index. Li et al [20] numerically investigated the knock characteristics where a high compression ratio was found to be effective in amplifying the impact of the equivalent ratio on the combustion knock index (KI) (as shown in Figure 2).…”

Section: Hydrogen Direct Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2. KI Variation of PH-ICE at different ignition timing, excess air ratios and compression ratios using HDI.Reprinted/adapted with permission from[20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Liu

Chen²,

Zuo

et al. 2022

IJAMM

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Review Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Chun Lu 1, Wei Chen 1,2, Qingsong Zuo 1, Guohui Zhu 1, Yi Zhang 3, and Zhengbai Liu 4,* 1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China 2 Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University, Foshan 528311, China 3 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 4 School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China * Correspondence: liuzb3@sustc.edu.cn Received: 24 September 2022 Accepted: 21 November 2022 Published: 25 December 2022 Abstract: Hydrogen energy is regarded as the best form to achieve the dual-carbon strategic goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. It is well-known that hydrogen energy has the characteristics of zero carbon, green, high energy, and renewable. Recently, the pure hydrogen internal combustion engine (PH-ICE) has become one of the essential directions of hydrogen energy application due to its outstanding advantages, such as no carbon emission, high efficiency, high reliability, and low pollution. So far, the PH-ICE has aroused great attention from both domestic and foreign auto companies and research institutions. This paper first introduces the latest development status of PH-ICE. Secondly, from the in-engine and out-engine technologies aspects of the PH-ICE, a comprehensive summary of its combustion performance improvement and nitrogen oxide control technology is given. Finally, the future challenges and development trends of the hydrogen ICE are discussed.

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“…Among these, there is the spontaneous and premature ignition of the charge, with consequent loss of combustion phasing control that leads to knocking and possibly mechanical engine failure. This problem limits the engine power output by forcing a very lean operation [16][17][18]. These undesired events were initially ascribed to the presence of richer regions in the chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlighting the Role of Lubricant Oil in the Development of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines by means of a Kinetic Reaction Model

Distaso

Calò²,

Amirante³

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The urgent need to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels has re-ignited the interest toward Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines (HICEs). Nevertheless, there are still criticalities that need to be assessed for accelerating the development of this technology. The undesired but unavoidable participation of lubricant oil to the combustion process can be the cause of many of these. Due to an extremely low autoignition resistance at low temperatures, lubricant oil is considered the main responsible for the onset of abnormal combustion modes, which need to be understood for delivering reliable and ready to market HICEs. By employing a kinetic reaction mode, this work analyses the autoignition tendency of hydrogen contaminated with n-C16H34 (n-hexadecane), the latter being selected as a surrogate species representative of lubricant oil chemical characteristics. Starting from the detailed CRECK model (Version 2003), a reduced mechanism with very small size (169 species and 2796 reactions) was developed, which makes it suitable for the use in practical CFD engine simulations. Zero-dimensional numerical simulations were performed employing the reduced mechanism to quantify the variation of hydrogen ignition delay time due to the presence of different amounts of lubricant oil. Operating conditions typical of engine chambers were considered in the analysis. The results show that lubricant oil can have a significant impact on the charge reactivity, especially in the low-temperature range, with consequences that can potentially hamper the development of HICEs.

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Influence of the equivalence ratio on the knock and performance of a hydrogen direct injection internal combustion engine under different compression ratios

Cited by 52 publications

References 45 publications

Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Highlighting the Role of Lubricant Oil in the Development of Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines by means of a Kinetic Reaction Model

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