Influence of the nanofiber chemistry and orientation of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)-based scaffolds on osteoblast differentiation for bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

Innovative nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted considerable attention in bone tissue engineering, due to their ability to mimic the hierarchical architecture of an extracellular matrix. Aiming at investigating how the polymer chemistry and fiber orientation of electrospun scaffolds (ES) based on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate/diglycolate) (P(BS80BDG20)) affect human osteoblast differentiation, uniaxially aligned (a-) and randomly (r-) distributed nanofibers were produced. Although human osteoblastic SAOS-2 cells were shown to be viable and adherent onto all ES materials, a-P(BS80BDG20) exhibited the best performance both in terms of cellular phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase expression and in terms of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcified bone matrix deposition and quantitative gene expression of bone specific markers during differentiation. It has been hypothesized that the presence of ether linkages may lead to an increased density of hydrogen bond acceptors along the P(BS80BDG20) backbone, which, by interacting with cell membrane components, can in turn promote a better cell attachment on the copolymer mats with respect to the PBS homopolymer. Furthermore, although displaying the same chemical structure, r-P(BS80BDG20) scaffolds showed a reduced cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation in comparison with a-P(BS80BDG20), evidencing the importance of nanofiber alignment. Thus, the coupled action of polymer chemical structure and nanofiber alignment played a significant role in promoting the biological interaction.

Permanently hydrophilic, piezoelectric PVDF nanofibrous scaffolds promoting unaided electromechanical stimulation on osteoblasts

“…Then, a nanofibrous network is created on the collector, which has been utilized for different tissue engineering applications. 8,9 In the case of piezoelectric polymers, nanofibrous piezoelectric scaffolds can be obtained by controlling the electrospinning parameters. The most studied piezoelectric polymer is poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) 10 , and its increasing research interest stems from its fascinating properties due to the high electrical dipole moment.…”

Structural insights into semicrystalline states of electrospun nanofibers: a multiscale analytical approach

“…14,15 It has also been reported that a certain degree of nanofiber alignment is important for specific bio-medical applications. [16][17][18] The combined role of polymer chemical structure and nanofiber alignment shows a significant effect in promoting interactions with cells, such as controlling the phenotype and morphology of osteoblasts 16 and skeletal myoblasts. 14,15,19 In vascular graft applications, topography driven from the size distribution of nanofibers influences the platelets adhesion on membranes and the blood compatibility.…”

Extra-Small Gold Nanospheres Decorated With a Thiol Functionalized Biodegradable and Biocompatible Linear Polyamidoamine as Nanovectors of Anticancer Molecules

“…Cells were scraped from all the samples, including T, and lysed with ice-cold lysis buffer (1X RIPA buffer containing 1 mM and 1X protease inhibitor (Protease Inhibitor Tablets, SIGMA) for 30 min on ice. The lysates were then used for western blot analysis according literature protocol (Cristofaro et al, 2018). Primary antibodies anti-phosphorylated AKT and anti-AKT (diluted 1:500), anti-ERK and anti-phosphorylated ERK (diluted 1:1000), anti-BAX and anti-BCL-XL (diluted 1:500), anti-β-actin (diluted 1:500) and appropriate secondary antibodies HRP-conjugated were used.…”