Influence of the salt concentration on the electrochemical performance of electrodes for polymeric batteries

Gerlach, Patrick; Burges, René; Lex‐Balducci, Alexandra; Schubert, Ulrich S.; Balducci, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.147

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Two common state‐of‐the‐art electrolytes, tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEA BF 4 ) in acetonitrile (MeCN) or propylene carbonate (PC), were selected along with three novel ones developed by Balducci and co‐workers . These latter electrolytes were developed to improve conductivities and electrochemical stability windows beyond the state of the art, together with reduced toxicity, cost, and flammability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17,18] Twocommon state-of-the-art electrolytes, tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEA BF 4 )i na cetonitrile (MeCN) or propylenec arbonate (PC), weres elected along with three novel ones developed by Balducci and co-workers. [19][20][21] These latter electrolytes wered eveloped to improvec onductivities and electrochemical stabilityw indows beyond the state of the art, together with reduced toxicity, cost, and flammability.F or example, N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidiniumt etrafluoroborate (Pyr 14 BF 4 )a nd 3-cyanopropionic acid methyl ester (CPAME) combined with conventionals alts and solvents are promisingn ew electrolyte components.…”

Section: Electrochemical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Polymers as Green Binders for High‐Loading Supercapacitor Electrodes

2020

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The state‐of‐the‐art aqueous binder for supercapacitors is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). However, it limits the mass loading of the coatings owing to shrinkage upon drying. In this work, natural polymers, that is, guar gum (GG), wheat starch (WS), and potato starch (PS), were studied as alternatives. The flexibility and adhesion of the resulting coatings and electrochemical performance was tested. The combination of 75:25 (w/w) ratio PS/GG showed a promising performance. Electrodes were characterized by SEM, thermal, adhesion, and bending tests. Their electrochemical properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cycling experiments. The PS/GG mixture conformed well to criteria for industrial production, enabling mass loadings higher than CMC (7.0 mg cm−2) while granting the same specific capacitance (26 F g−1) and power performance (20 F g−1 at 10 A g−1). Including the mass of the current collector, this represents a +45 % increase in specific energy at the electrode level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Polymers as Green Binders for High‐Loading Supercapacitor Electrodes

2020

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“…One example for this is poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐ N ‐oxymethacrylate) (PTMA), for which the self‐discharge process is caused by a shuttle effect of dissolved redox‐active moieties in the electrolyte . Recently, it has been shown that the increase in the concentration of 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (Py 14 BF 4 ) in PC (1, 2, and 3 m ) retards the self‐discharge of PTMA (Figure ), which can be explained by a decreased dissolution of organic redox groups in the concentrated electrolyte. This inhibits capacity loss during cycling, as well as self‐discharge, by the proposed shuttle effect.…”

Section: Electrolytes For Redox Organic Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of Electrolytes for Organic‐Material‐Based Energy‐Storage Devices Employing Solid Electrodes and Redox Fluids

et al. 2020

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Figure 8. Voltage excursion of PTMA during 11 daysofs elf-discharge tests in 1, 2a nd 3 m Py 14 BF 4 in PC. 1 m losesa ll chargea fter 5days, 2 m after 9days, 3 m is able to deliver residualcharge after 11 daysofs elf-discharge. Figure 9. a) The formation of aliquid mixture of 4-methoxy-TEMPOa nd LiTFSI (MTLT; 1:1) at room temperature.b )V oltage profilesa nd cycling stability of as tatic cell with ac atholyte consisting of MTLT + 17 wt %H 2 Ov ersus aLia node. c) The corresponding flow cell setup and charge/discharge behavior.Reproduced from Ref. [102]with permission. Copyright 2015, Wiley.Figure 10. a) ESW as af unction of the temperature of 10 m [BMIm]Cl/H 2 O supporting electrolyte. b) Redox flow cell tests at À32 and À20 8Cbyu sing Ni phthalocyanineanolyte and FeCl 2 catholyte. CE = coulombic efficiency, VE = voltage efficiency, EE = energye fficiency.Reproducedf rom Ref. [121] with permission.

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“…As mentioned above, the self‐discharge is seen as one of the main drawbacks of PORM‐based electrodes and, for this reason, many efforts have been made to minimize this process, which can be caused by a shuttle‐effect of dissolved redox active moieties in the electrolyte . In a recent work, the impact of the salt concentration on the self‐discharge of PTMA‐based electrodes has been investigated . It has been shown, that in electrolytes containing PC and 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (Pyr 14 BF 4 ) the salt concentration heavily influences the self‐discharge of this active material.…”

Section: Electrolytes For Organic Electrode‐based Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, an electrolyte containing 3 M Pyr 14 BF 4 in PC displays significantly lower self‐discharge (more than the half) compared to those with a salt concentration equal to 1 M (see Figure ). Such a reduction can be explained by a decreased dissolution of organic redox groups in the electrolyte, which reduces capacity loss during cycling as well as the self‐discharge by the proposed shuttle effect. However, PTMA also displays a reduced specific capacity in combination with high concentrated systems.…”

Section: Electrolytes For Organic Electrode‐based Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Analysis about the Underestimated Role of the Electrolyte in Batteries Based on Organic Materials

Gerlach

Balducci

2020

ChemElectroChem

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Electrochemical energy storage devices based on organic materials such as polymers and organic molecules (PORMs) are nowadays regarded with increasing attention. The interest on these systems is related to their promising electrochemical performance, their low cost and their high sustainability. In the last years, several works focused on the development of active materials suitable for these systems, while much less studies have been dedicated to the electrolytes. The aim of this short review is to critically analyze these latter results, and to identify the main aspects that should be addressed in the future. Since the electrolyte is a key component of any energy storage devices, this analysis appears of particular importance for the realization of the next generation of PORM‐based devices.

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Influence of the salt concentration on the electrochemical performance of electrodes for polymeric batteries

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Natural Polymers as Green Binders for High‐Loading Supercapacitor Electrodes

Natural Polymers as Green Binders for High‐Loading Supercapacitor Electrodes

A Comparative Review of Electrolytes for Organic‐Material‐Based Energy‐Storage Devices Employing Solid Electrodes and Redox Fluids

A Critical Analysis about the Underestimated Role of the Electrolyte in Batteries Based on Organic Materials

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