Influence of the silanes on the crosslink density and crosslink structure of silica-filled solution styrene butadiene rubber compounds

Lee, Jong-Yeop; Park, Nam; Lim, Seok-Hwan; Ahn, Byeongkyu; Kim, Woong; Moon, Hyunsung; Paik, Hyun‐jong; Kim, Won‐Ho

doi:10.1080/09276440.2017.1267524

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many efforts have been made to improve the interfacial interaction between silica and SSBR and the dispersion of silica in the SSBR matrix. These methods include the modication of silica, 6,7 the addition of silane coupling agents, 4,8,9 and functionalization of the SSBR matrix. [10][11][12][13] Among the above methods, functionalization of the SSBR matrix, which includes end functionalization 10,11 and in-chain functionalization, 12,13 is the method of solving silica dispersion in composites from the perspective of rubber synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial interaction modes construction of various functional SSBR–silica towards high filler dispersion and excellent composites performances

Gao

Song

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial interaction modes construction of various functional SSBR–silica towards high filler dispersion and excellent composites performances

Gao

Song

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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“…Thus, the contributions of the filler–rubber interaction and chemical crosslink density to the total crosslink density were separated quantitatively. Lee et al conducted swelling tests and used Equations (1) and (2) for vulcanizates filled with silica or carbon black in order to separate the total crosslink density into the filler–rubber interaction and chemical crosslink density [ 21 ]. In addition, a previous study by Kim et al categorized SBR compounds with carbon black and silica as binary fillers into CBBR, SSRN, and CCDS by employing the swelling test as well as Equations (1) and (2), as demonstrated in Figure 2 [ 25 ].…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent studies, vulcanizate structures in compounds using silica as the filler were classified quantitatively according to the network from silica-silane–rubber and the chemical crosslink by sulfur [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In addition, as shown in Figure 1 , there are existing studies on compounds using carbon black and silica as binary fillers that are distinguished based on the chemical crosslink density by sulfur (CCDS), carbon black bound rubber (CBBR) (i.e., the physical crosslink due to carbon black), and silica-silane–rubber network (SSRN) [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulcanizate Structures of SBR Compounds with Silica and Carbon Black Binary Filler Systems at Different Curing Temperatures

Kim

Ahn³

et al. 2020

Polymers

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The tire industry has shown an increasing demand for the reduction in rolling resistance. Efforts have been made to improve the viscoelastic properties of tire compounds and reduce the weight of tires through optimization of the vulcanizate structure, which has become extremely complex. In this study, vulcanizates using carbon black and silica as binary fillers were prepared at various curing temperatures. Vulcanizate structures with respect to curing temperature were classified according to the chemical crosslink density by sulfur, carbon black bound rubber (i.e., physical crosslink due to carbon black), and silica-silane–rubber network. All properties exhibited a decreasing trend under the application of high curing temperatures, and the decrease in the crosslink density per unit content of filler with an increase in curing temperature was shown to be greater in carbon black than in silica. Mechanical and viscoelastic properties were also measured to evaluate the impact that the compound variates have on tire tread performance. These results serve as a guideline for determining the content and filler type and for setting the cure condition during the design of actual compound formulations to increase the crosslink density of rubber while retaining the necessary mechanical and viscoelastic properties for practical application.

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“…The samples, after removing the organic additives, were stored at room temperature for 24 h in the mixture solution. Subsequently, the sample was removed and dried, and then swollen in toluene for 24 h. Di-and mono-crosslinks were measured using the difference in the sample weight before and after swelling [42,43].…”

Section: Analysis Of Vulcanizate Structure (Swelling Test)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Transfer Emulsion Styrene Butadiene Rubber (RAFT ESBR) on the Properties of Carbon Black-Filled Compounds

2020

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Tread is an important component that directly affects the performance of passenger car radial (PCR) tires. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is mainly used for tire tread and it includes solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) and emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR). Although SSBR is mainly used, the manufacturing process for SSBR is more challenging than ESBR, which is environmentally friendly, but has the disadvantage of a broad molecular weight distribution. To overcome this, a reversible addition-fragmentation radical transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique is used in ESBR polymerization. An environmentally friendly RAFT ESBR with a narrow dispersity can be polymerized. Here, carbon black-filled compounds were manufactured while using RAFT ESBR, and their properties were compared to ESBR. The analysis showed a low crosslink density of RAFT ESBR, due to the high polysulfide crosslink structure. We manufactured a carbon black-filled compound with the same crosslink density and structure as the ESBR carbon black-filled compound, and the effect of the dispersity of the base polymer was investigated. RAFT ESBR showed 9% better abrasion resistance and 29% better fuel efficiency than ESBR, according to the analysis of the data. The narrow dispersity can reduce energy loss and positively influence the abrasion resistance and fuel efficiency.

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Influence of the silanes on the crosslink density and crosslink structure of silica-filled solution styrene butadiene rubber compounds

Cited by 71 publications

References 24 publications

Interfacial interaction modes construction of various functional SSBR–silica towards high filler dispersion and excellent composites performances

Interfacial interaction modes construction of various functional SSBR–silica towards high filler dispersion and excellent composites performances

Vulcanizate Structures of SBR Compounds with Silica and Carbon Black Binary Filler Systems at Different Curing Temperatures

Effect of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Transfer Emulsion Styrene Butadiene Rubber (RAFT ESBR) on the Properties of Carbon Black-Filled Compounds

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