Influence of the surface chemistry on the electric-field control of the magnetization of ultrathin films

In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of cobalt thin film electrodeposited on Pt(111) electrode

“…Recently, finite-sized magnetic particles of Co supported by Pt(1 1 1) was used to unveil magnetic anisotropy in the nanometer domain [11]. Another modern aspect of electrochemistry has been the possibility to manipulate the charge density at Co/Au(1 1 1) interface, and ferromagnetic materials of PtFe and PdFe [12,13].…”

Magneto-ionic control of interfacial magnetism

“…8,9 The ability to toggle interfacial PMA with a gate voltage would dramatically reduce switching energies in spintronic devices, and could enable new device architectures exploiting local gating of magnetic properties. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Most work on voltage control of magnetic anisotropy in metal/metal-oxide bilayers has focused on charge accumulation or band shifting in the metal layer. [16][17][18][19] However, experimental reports of irreversibility, and anisotropy changes much larger than theoretically predicted, 20,21 suggest ionic effects may be important and in some cases even dominant.…”

Influence of controlled surface oxidation on the magnetic anisotropy of Co ultrathin films

“…3 The interface origin of MEC has been experimentally proven in solid/liquid systems where the gate electrode is replaced by an electrolyte, the dielectric being a single layer of water molecules. 4,5 In such configuration, the electric field is highly uniform, in contrast with solid-state systems for which charge trapping in the gate oxide complicates the analysis of MEC measurements. In this case, MEC amplitude becomes largely dependent on the direction of the electric field, and the time scale of MEC response is related to the kinetics of charge trapping.…”