Influence of the thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films

The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of CdS films

“…This phase transformation from cubic to hexagonal was earlier observed for the chemically deposited CdS films. 13,[18][19][20][21][22] We used the standard (111) C reflection at 2y = 26.68 to calculate the crystallite sizes from the x-ray. As expected, increasing the annealing temperature causes a sharpening of the Bragg reflections, revealing an increase of the crystallinity of the film.…”

“…7 Naturally, many different synthesis processes have been tried such as spray pyrolysis, 8,9 vacuum evaporation, 10 metal organic chemical vapor deposition, 11 and chemical bath deposition. 7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Among these techniques, chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a low-cost and suitable technique to prepare high quality, well adhered film reproducibly. The deposition process is based on the slow release of sulfide ions via the controlled hydrolysis of thiourea [SC(NH 2 ) 2 ] in an alkaline medium in the presence of a Cd salt and a chelating agent such as NH 3 .…”

“…The deposition process is based on the slow release of sulfide ions via the controlled hydrolysis of thiourea [SC(NH 2 ) 2 ] in an alkaline medium in the presence of a Cd salt and a chelating agent such as NH 3 . 23 The very high resistivity of the asdeposited films, typically on the order of 10 6 -10 7 O-cm at room temperature, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] has been attributed to lattice defects and dislocations, [25][26][27][28][29] and can be reduced by annealing the film. The physical and chemical properties of not only CdS films but also most of the binary metal chalcogenides of II-VI semiconductors obtained by CBD critically depend on preparative parameters such as the source and concentration of metal and chalgonide ions, pH of the deposition solution, deposition time and temperature, and gas phase process parameters such as temperature, gas partial pressure, and the time of annealing.…”

Channel length specific broadspectral photosensitivity of robust chemically grown CdS photodetector

“…One of the big advantages of CBD method is that film can be made over a large area (mm 2 ). But quality of films depends on many factors like substrate, orientation and agitation, thickness, 18 temperature, 21 optical absorption, crystalline structure, Cd and S defects, 22 solution pH, 23 annealing 24 etc. It is difficult to maintain all these parameters when large scale production or industry level technological applications are considered.…”

Properties of CdS Chemically Deposited thin films on the Effect of Ammonia Concentration

“…The effect of Cd source on the film properties has drawn attention for some times. Kitaev et al found that when CdCl 2 was used as a Cd source the CdS film thickness was moderate and higher than CdSO 4 or Cd(NO 3 ) 2 were used [8]. Similar results were obtained when Ortega-Borges and Lincot [9] studied the CdS growth rate dependence.…”