Influence of the vertical and zonal propagation of stratospheric planetary waves on tropospheric blockings

Kodera, Kunihiko; Mukougawa, Hitoshi; Fujii, Atsuko

doi:10.1002/jgrd.50650

Cited by 66 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…This trapping was also associated with the development in the troposphere of a trough over the Atlantic sector and a ridge over the Eurasian sector, leading to the formation of a blocking there. Such a change in the wave structure is similar to that observed following planetary wave reflection events (Shaw and Perlwitz, 2013;Kodera et al, 2008Kodera et al, , 2013, although the pattern was somewhat shifted eastward in the present case. In the usual case, an initial change in the zonal-mean zonal wind field in the stratosphere is created by a stronger upward propagation of planetary waves from the troposphere (Kodera et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarkssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The influence of downward penetration of zonal winds from the polar stratosphere, such as the annular modes (Baldwin and Dunkerton, 1999;Thompson and Wallace, 2001) or the polar night jet (PNJ) oscillation (PJO) Kodera, 1999, 2004;Hitchcock et al, 2013), has been well documented. More recently, the connection between tropospheric weather and changes in planetary wave structure in the polar region, due to reflection or downward propagation in the polar region, has also been reported (Perlwitz and Harnik, 2003;Shaw and Perlwitz, 2013;Kodera et al, 2008Kodera et al, , 2013Kodera et al, , 2016a. Although stratosphere-troposphere coupling in the tropical region is more controversial, a possible connection has been proposed based on the modulation of deep convective activity by the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) (Collimore et al, 2003;Liess and Geller, 2012;Yoo and Son, 2016) and sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) (Kodera, 2006;Eguchi and Kodera, 2010;Kodera et al, 2015;Eguchi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Stratospheric tropical warming event and its impact on the polar and tropical troposphere

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Stratosphere-troposphere coupling is investigated in relation to middle atmospheric subtropical jet (MASTJ) variations in boreal winter. An exceptional strengthening of the MASTJ occurred in association with a sudden equatorward shift of the stratospheric polar night jet (PNJ) in early December 2011. This abrupt transformation of the MASTJ and PNJ had no apparent relation to the upward propagation of planetary waves from the troposphere. The impact of this stratospheric event penetrated into the troposphere in two regions: in the northern polar region and the tropics. Due to the strong MASTJ, planetary waves at higher latitudes were deflected and trapped in the northern polar region. Trapping of the planetary waves resulted in amplification of zonal wave number 1 component, which appeared in the troposphere as the development of a trough over the Atlantic sector and a ridge over the Eurasian sector. A strong MASTJ also suppressed the equatorward propagation of planetary waves, which resulted in weaker tropical stratospheric upwelling and produced anomalous warming in the tropical stratosphere. In the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), however, sublimation of ice clouds kept the temperature change minor. In the troposphere, an abrupt termination of a Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) event occurred following the static stability increase in the TTL. This termination suggests that the stratospheric event affected the convective episode in the troposphere.

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Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarkssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stratospheric tropical warming event and its impact on the polar and tropical troposphere

et al. 2017

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“…The dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere is complicated by wave and mean-flow interactions, such as reflections of planetary waves (Perlwitz and Harnik 2004;Kodera et al 2008Kodera et al , 2013, the downward propagation of zonally symmetric modes referred to as the AO or the NAM (Baldwin and Dunkerton 2001), and the redistribution of the stratospheric potential vorticity (Hartley et al 1998). The synoptic eddies also may contribute to the formation or maintenance of the tropospheric zonally symmetric pattern through the eddy-feedback mechanism (e.g., Nakamura et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Enhanced Variability with Zonal Wavenumber 1 on Arctic Oscillation in Late Winter to Early Spring in El Niño Conditions

Takemura

Maeda²

2016

SOLA

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We investigated the relationship between the atmospheric variability in El Niño conditions and Arctic Oscillation (AO) during the period from late autumn to early spring, focusing on the vertical linkage between the troposphere and the stratosphere, based on a composite analysis. The results of the composite analysis indicate that the vertical linkage is the clearest in late winter to early spring, particularly in the three-month of February -April (FMA). In FMA, the upper tropospheric patterns and upward propagation of planetary waves with zonal wavenumber 1 are enhanced and contribute to a negative phase of the stratospheric Northern Annular Mode (NAM) in El Niño conditions.The results also indicate that the stratospheric negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies associated with the negative phase of NAM induce a lowered tropopause, vertical compression of the tropospheric column, positive surface pressure anomalies in the polar region and hence the negative phase of the AO. This vertical linkage and the impact of sea level pressure near the pole are consistent with a quantitative estimation based on geostrophic and hydrostatic adjustment associated with the stratospheric PV anomalies.(Citation: Takemura, K., and S. Maeda, 2016: Influence of enhanced variability with zonal wavenumber 1 in El Niño conditions on Arctic Oscillation in late winter to early spring. SOLA, 12, 159−164,

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“…The cause of the negative 2 anomaly is the surface pressure pattern that is on average associated with planetary waves that eventually induce SSWs [Garfinkel et al, 2010;Kodera et al, 2013]: a positive pressure anomaly over Eurasia and an enhanced Aleutian or northeast Pacific low. As both surface pressure patterns contribute negatively to 2 , many SSWs are preceded by a negative 2 anomaly, even though they may not exhibit the full surface pressure anomaly pattern identified in Figure 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of stratospheric sudden warmings in Earth rotation variations

et al. 2014

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Stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) are extreme events in the polar stratosphere that are both caused by and have effects on the tropospheric flow. This means that SSWs are associated with changes in the angular momentum of the atmosphere, both before and after their onset. Because these angular momentum changes are transferred to the solid Earth, they can be observed in the rate of the Earth's rotation and the wobble of its rotational pole. By comparing observed Earth rotation variations to reanalysis data, we find that an anomaly in the orientation of the Earth's rotational pole, up to 4 times as large as the annual polar wobble, typically precedes SSWs by 20-40 days. The polar motion signal is due to pressure anomalies that are typically seen before SSW events and represents a new type of observable that may aid in the prediction of SSWs. A decline in the length of day is also seen, on average, near the time of the SSW wind reversal and is found to be due to anomalous easterly winds generated in the tropical troposphere around this time, though the structure and timing of this signal seems to vary widely from event to event.

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Influence of the vertical and zonal propagation of stratospheric planetary waves on tropospheric blockings

Cited by 66 publications

References 36 publications

Stratospheric tropical warming event and its impact on the polar and tropical troposphere

Stratospheric tropical warming event and its impact on the polar and tropical troposphere

Influence of Enhanced Variability with Zonal Wavenumber 1 on Arctic Oscillation in Late Winter to Early Spring in El Niño Conditions

Observations of stratospheric sudden warmings in Earth rotation variations

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