2023
DOI: 10.1007/s40194-023-01503-9
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Influence of the WAAM process and design aspects on residual stresses in high-strength structural steels

Abstract: Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables the efficient production of weight-optimized modern engineering structures. Further increases in efficiency can be achieved by using high-strength structural steels. Commercial welding consumables for WAAM are already available on the market. Lack of knowledge and guidelines regarding welding residual stress and component safety during production and operation leads to severely limited use for industry applications. The sensitive microstructure of high-strength st… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…Moreover, microstructure investigations showed higher hardness and divergent microstructure for the last three weld layers of this filler material. The significantly higher hardness resulted from the lack of repeated annealing of the layers by subsequent weld beads [31]. Thus, it is assumed that the divergent microstructure of the top layers affects the residual stress distribution due to the predominant effects of a solid phase transformation in connection with a restrained volume expansion [30,32,33], primarily in longitudinal direction at the top 9 mm of the wall, causing a lower displacement due to slotting.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, microstructure investigations showed higher hardness and divergent microstructure for the last three weld layers of this filler material. The significantly higher hardness resulted from the lack of repeated annealing of the layers by subsequent weld beads [31]. Thus, it is assumed that the divergent microstructure of the top layers affects the residual stress distribution due to the predominant effects of a solid phase transformation in connection with a restrained volume expansion [30,32,33], primarily in longitudinal direction at the top 9 mm of the wall, causing a lower displacement due to slotting.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…WAAMed parts have limited application due to distortion and residual stress faults generated by the thermal effect during production [17]. These flaws occur during manufacturing due to process characteristics such as energy input, high deposition rate, and wide temperature gradient [30][31][32]. Recent research has focused on understanding and mitigating these flaws [33].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%