Influence of thermal hair straightening on cannabis and cocaine content in hair

Ettlinger, Jana; Yegles, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.002

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, people apply different chemical processes that modify its structure, such as straightening. [29,30] Thus, to evaluate these differences in this matrix, a PCA was performed with a dataset composed of only samples with two cosmetic modifications (straightening and dyeing) in same strand using 805 independent variables, as shown in Figure 6. The total variance observed in the PCA for the first two PCs was 79%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometric investigation of human hair after cosmetic treatment

Santos¹,

Sperança

Pereira³

2018

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Variations in the chemical composition of 63 different human and 6 different synthetic hair samples were investigated using wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectra profiles. To evaluate the effect of cosmetic treatment on the strands, the human hair samples were bleached, but the synthetic ones were not. To better investigate the data, exploratory analyses were calculated using principal component analysis for the WDXRF spectra. Eight normalizations/standardizations were applied in the WDXRF to verify the clustering tendency. Bleaching was tested, because it is one way in which people mask their real hair color. After the data were standardized, an enhancement of the data discrimination was verified. Furthermore, the explained variance was higher in the first principal components. The WDXRF spectra were able to distinguish samples with distinct features, including synthetic, dyed, and straightened hair. The findings of this study hold promise for forensics due to desirable aspects such as nondestructivity and the possibility of a large hair sample database.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometric investigation of human hair after cosmetic treatment

Santos¹,

Sperança

Pereira³

2018

X-Ray Spectrometry

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“…18,19 Nail polishing, the use of acetone and other nail treatments were also recorded. 18,19 Nail polishing, the use of acetone and other nail treatments were also recorded.…”

Section: Data On Drug Consumption and Cosmetic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients were asked whether they had bleached, dyed, permed, or thermally straightened their hair in the past year, as cosmetic hair treatment may lead to a degradation or removal of drugs in hair. 18,19 Nail polishing, the use of acetone and other nail treatments were also recorded. Patients reporting any cosmetic treatment of the hair or nails were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Data On Drug Consumption and Cosmetic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifth, cosmetic hair treatments have been proven to reduce drug content in hair, which can be overcome through nail analysis. 18,19 Possible disadvantages linked to the use of nails as matrix can be insufficient sample amount in cases of (finger)nail biting, presence of nail diseases (eg, bacterial or fungal infections), and effects of nail polishing or cleaning. Also, drugs are incorporated into hair via the blood flow in the hair follicle, while incorporation into nails occurs by a dual mechanism of deposition into the root via blood flow in the nail matrix and the nail bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Keratinous matrices for the assessment of drugs of abuse consumption: A correlation study between hair and nails

Cappelle

Keukeleire²,

Neels

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Keratinous matrices - hair and nails - accumulate substances over time and allow retrospective investigation of past consumption. Analysis of these matrices can provide information complementary to blood and urine analysis or can be used as standalone. So far, research has primarily focused on the detection of substances in hair, while studies in nails are scarce. In this study, we assessed concentrations of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in hair, fingernails, and toenails collected from the same individuals to evaluate differences and correlations between matrices. A total of 26 hair, 24 fingernail, and 18 toenail samples were collected. Samples were analysed by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method able to simultaneously detect the following compounds: amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, morphine (MOR), codeine (COD), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), methadone (MTD), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE), and ecgonine methyl ester (EME). Strong positive correlations between hair, fingernails, and toenails were present for COC, BE, EME, AMP and MDMA. MOR, COD, 6-MAM, MTD and EDDP showed positive trends. Concentrations were generally higher in nails compared to hair. Ratios between parent compounds and their metabolites were assessed for 6-MAM/MOR, EDDP/MTD, BE/COC and EME/COC. Preliminary cut-off concentrations for COC, BE, EME and AMP in fingernails and toenails were proposed. In light of these results, nails can be considered as a useful alternative to hair for monitoring of long-term drug consumption. However, care should be taken regarding the variability in the accumulation of compounds between the matrices.

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“…The above studies highlighted the advantages of eating heated plants, as far as this process increases levels of lycopene isomers which should be responsible for the antioxidant potential of tomatoes, knowing that isomeric forms of lycopene are found in the blood and tissues of humans and animals consuming a lycopene-containing diet (Boileau et al 2002). Ettlinger and Yegles (2016) reported a strong increase of cannabinol and benzoylecgonine content in hair after its thermal treatments. This change was due to the conversion of tetrahydrocannabinol into cannabinol and cocaine into benzoylecgonine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Thermal treatment of luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside improves its immunomodulatory and antioxidant potencies

Maâtouk

Mustapha

Mokdad-Bzéouich

et al. 2017

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Phytochemicals extracted from flowers, roots and bark, leaves, and other plant sources have been used extensively throughout human history with varying levels of efficacy in prevention and treatment of disease. Recently, advanced methods for characterization and clinical use of these materials have allowed modern understanding of their properties to be used as immunomodulatory agents that act by enhancement of endogenous cytoprotective mechanisms, avoiding interference with normal physiologic signaling and highly effective medical treatment with minimal adverse side effects. Simple methods have been identified for improving their biological effects, such as thermal conditioning by heating or freezing-prominent example being heat treatment of lycopene and tetrahydrocannabinol. The present investigation shows improvement of the ability of heat to augment splenocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activities, and antioxidant capacity of the flavonoid luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (L7G) in comparison with the native (non heat-treated) molecule, while further demonstrating that both the native and the heat-treated variants exhibit comparable antioxidant properties, as evidenced by their effects in macrophages by inhibition of nitric oxide production and lysosomal enzyme activity in experiments that strengthen lysosomal membrane integrity. Outcomes of these studies suggest that heat-treated L7G shows promise for use in immunotherapy, including anti-cancer regimens, as shown by its improvement of NK cell cytotoxicity.

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Influence of thermal hair straightening on cannabis and cocaine content in hair

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometric investigation of human hair after cosmetic treatment

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and chemometric investigation of human hair after cosmetic treatment

Keratinous matrices for the assessment of drugs of abuse consumption: A correlation study between hair and nails

Thermal treatment of luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside improves its immunomodulatory and antioxidant potencies

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