Influence of TiO2 compact layer precursor on the performance of perovskite solar cells

Vivo, Paola; Ojanperä, Anniina; Smått, Jan‐Henrik; Sandén, Simon; Hashmi, Syed Ghufran; Kaunisto, Kimmo; Ihalainen, Petri; Masood, Muhammad Talha; Österbacka, Ronald; Lund, Peter; Lemmetyinen, Helge

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2016.11.017

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…One example is a precipitation approach resulted in crystalline rutile TiO 2 layers at low temperatures . A different approach, first deposited titanium containing precursors on the substrate and after annealing at 450 °C, an TiO 2 anatase phase layers was obtained with low surface roughness of 11–36 nm …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Compact TiO₂ Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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Transparent and pinhole free hole-blocking layers such as TiO 2 grown at low temperatures and by scalable processes are necessary to reduce production costs and thus enabling commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors compare the transport properties of TiO 2 compact layers grown by spray pyrolysis from commonly used titanium diisopropoxide bisacetylacetonate ([Ti(OPr i ) 2 (acac) 2 ]) precursor to films grown by spray pyrolysis of TiCl 4 . Spray pyrolysis provides insights into the interdependence of precursor chemistry and electron transport properties of TiO 2 films and their influence on the performance of the perovskite solar cells. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirm the chemical and structural composition of the obtained films. Thin film deposition at lower temperature (150 C) are conducted using TiCl 4 to evaluate the influence of crystal growth and topography by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy as well as thickness (profilometry) and transmittance (UV/Vis spectroscopy) on the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. TiO 2 compact layers grown from TiCl 4 enhance the power conversion efficiency by acting as superior electron transfer medium and by reducing hysteresis behavior, when compared to films grown using titanium diisopropoxide bisacetylacetonate. UV/Vis spectroscopy and external quantum efficiency studies reveal the correlation of transmittance on the power conversion efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Compact TiO₂ Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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“…[21] Thes amplew ith no hysteresis had the shortest photoluminescence (PL) lifetime whereas the longest lifetimew as exhibited by the samples with more evident hysteresis behavior because of high rate of recombination. It was also suggested that larger crystallites produced by TiCl 4 reduced the number of grain boundaries, thus reducing PL lifetime,w hich is not the case for the VUV-radiation treatment of the compact TiO 2 layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of TiO₂ Surface Treatment on the Current–Voltage Hysteresis of Planar‐Structure Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared on Rough and Flat Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Substrates

Cojocaru

Uchida

Jayaweera³

et al. 2017

Energy Tech

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Herein,w es tudiedt he effect of surface treatment of compact TiO 2 layer by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light and by TiCl 4 on the I-V hysteresis of perovskite solar cells prepared on fluorine-dopedt in oxide (FTO) substrates with two different surface roughnesses.I nitially,t he cells prepared on flat FTO substrates show better results than cells prepared on rough FTO,w ith slightly higher power conversione fficiency (PCE) and less hysteresis in the I-V curves.T reatment of TiO 2 preparedo nf lat FTO has no effect on the I-V hysteresis because of better contact between TiO 2 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layers.T reatment of TiO 2 layer on rough FTO has ap ositive effect on the PCE and I-V hysteresis and stability.Despite the rapid progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE;2 2.1 %) of perovskite solar cells,t he fundamental problems pertaining to stability and origin of the currentvoltage (I-V)h ysteresis are still unsolved. [1][2][3] The I-V hysteresis creates an ambiguity about the actual power of the devices and persists as ac hallenge in this field. [4][5] To elucidate its origin,s everalh ypothesesi ncluding ion migration/displacement, ferroelectric polarization, trappingo fe lectronsa t the interfaces,a nd capacitive effects [6][7][8] were proposed. Migrationo fi ons such as CH 3 NH 3 + ,I À ,P b 2 + ,a nd H + [9] was also suggested as origin of hysteresis.D iffusion of intrinsic ionic defects in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layer implies ah igh long-term stability and performance of the solar cells.I on migration can create defects in the crystal, and these defects can affect the physical and charge-transfer properties at interfaces, eventually leading to charge accumulation. Thef erroelectric polarization of the perovskite and its contributioni ss till questionable because there is no direct evidence for ferroelectricity in perovskites under operating conditions. [10] Va riationo ft emperature alters the lattice parameters,a nd the difference in thermal expansion coefficient combined with the lattice mismatch between TiO 2 and perovskite could result in interfacial defects.[8] Weak contacts and defects between two layers may hinder charge transfer at this interface, resultingi nI-V hysteresis.T op rovide further clarification, many reports have also shownc apacitive effects in I-V hysteresis phenomena. [8,[11][12][13] In one of our previous reports,w e also found that the origin of hysteresis in I-V curvesc an be explained by an equivalent-circuit modeli ncluding ac apacitance as ac omponent.[8] Experimental I-V curves were successfully reproduced by simulating the I-V behavior of the equivalent circuit. In some cases,d epending on the sample's fabrication conditions,t he normal trend of hysteresis became opposite, that is,t he reverse scan showing ah igher performance than the forward scan.[14] An inductance element representing the kinetics of the charges at the perovskite/ contacti nterfaces in the equivalent circuit can be one reason for this opposite trend. Both, presence of capacitancea nd inductance are related to the in...

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“…5(d) reveals that the RMS of PEDOT:PSS:MoS 2 (0.1 wt%) was higher than that of neat PEDOT : PSS because the MoS 2 sheets are insoluble in water and can only disperse; thus, although the surface was rougher, it was good for hole transmission from the perovskite by offering more fast channels for the holes. [48][49][50] Fig . 6(a-d) display 2-D GISAXS patterns of ETLs comprising PC 61 BM:x% Bphen (x ¼ 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) lms spin-cast onto perovskite lms on a silicon wafer substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual nanocomposite carrier transport layers enhance the efficiency of planar perovskite photovoltaics

Lin

Wang

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Influence of TiO2 compact layer precursor on the performance of perovskite solar cells

Cited by 43 publications

References 53 publications

Highly Compact TiO₂ Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

Highly Compact TiO₂ Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of TiO₂ Surface Treatment on the Current–Voltage Hysteresis of Planar‐Structure Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared on Rough and Flat Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Substrates

Dual nanocomposite carrier transport layers enhance the efficiency of planar perovskite photovoltaics

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Influence of TiO2 compact layer precursor on the performance of perovskite solar cells

Cited by 43 publications

References 53 publications

Highly Compact TiO2 Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

Highly Compact TiO2 Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of TiO2 Surface Treatment on the Current–Voltage Hysteresis of Planar‐Structure Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared on Rough and Flat Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Substrates

Dual nanocomposite carrier transport layers enhance the efficiency of planar perovskite photovoltaics

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Highly Compact TiO₂ Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

Highly Compact TiO₂ Films by Spray Pyrolysis and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of TiO₂ Surface Treatment on the Current–Voltage Hysteresis of Planar‐Structure Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared on Rough and Flat Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Substrates