Influence of Various Diesel Traps on Particulate Size Distribution

Dementhon, J.-B.; Martin, B.

doi:10.4271/972999

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, Kittelson et al (24) also found a nucleation mode downstream of a catalyzed filter at much lower fuel sulfur level (26 ppm). A nucleation mode has also been detected during the regeneration phase of the filter and has been attributed to desorption of hydrocarbons caused by increasing temperature (19).…”

Section: Formation Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nucleation Mode Formation in Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust with and without a Particulate Filter

Vaaraslahti

Virtanen

Ristimäki

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

162

139

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Particle size distribution measurement with direct tailpipe sampling is employed to study the effect of a continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) on emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine. The CRDPF consists of an oxidation catalyst and a filter. Tests are conducted using 2 and 40 ppm sulfur content fuels and two steady-state driving modes. The formation of nucleation mode with and without CRDPF is found to depend on different parameters. Without after-treatment, size distribution is observed to have a nucleation mode only at low load. Being independent of the fuel sulfur level (with these low sulfur level fuels), this nucleation mode is suggested to form mainly from hydrocarbons. With a CRDPF-equipped engine, nucleation mode, which was not observed without CRDPF, was found at high load mode only. This nucleation mode formation was found to correlate positively with fuel sulfur content. It is suggested that sulfuric acid is a main nucleating species in this situation, resulting from the effective conversion of SO2 to SO3 in the oxidation catalyst. Using a thermodenuder confirms that the nucleation mode particles are semivolatile in nature.

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Section: Formation Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nucleation Mode Formation in Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust with and without a Particulate Filter

Vaaraslahti

Virtanen

Ristimäki

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

162

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles are known to contribute a substantial fraction of the oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), particulate matter (PM) less that 10 μm (PM10), and PM less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) to the atmospheric inventory ( , ). Oxides of nitrogen contribute to ozone formation, and both ozone and PM are regulated to maintain ambient air quality standards, so that polluted states are obliged to pay close attention to the heavy-duty mobile source inventory in preparing State Implementation Plans for air quality improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Truck Operating Weight on Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions

Gajendran

Clark

2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Heavy-duty diesel vehicles are substantial contributors of oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) and particulate matter (PM) while carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from diesel vehicles receive less attention. Truck emissions inventories have traditionally employed average fuel economy and engine efficiency factors to translate certification into distance-specific (g/mi) data, so that inventories do not take into account the real effects of truck operating weight on emissions. The objective of this research was to examine weight corrections for class 7 and 8 vehicles (over 26 000 lb (11 793 kg) gross vehicle weight) from a theoretical point of view and to present a collection of original data on the topic. It was found by combining an empirical equation with theoretical truck loads that the NO(x) emissions increased by approximately 54% for a doubling of test weight. Emissions data were gathered from specific tests performed using different test weights and using various test schedules, which can consist of cycles or routes. It was found experimentally that NO(x) emissions have a nearly linear correlation with vehicle weight and did not vary much from vehicle to vehicle. NO(x) emissions were also found to be insensitive to transient operation in the test schedule. The observed trends correlate well with the theory presented, and hence, the NO(x) emissions can be predicted reasonably accurately using the theory. If NO(x) data were considered in fuel-specific (g/gal) units, they did not vary with the test weight. HC emissions were found to be insensitive to the vehicle weight. CO and PM emissions were found to be a strong function of weight during transient operation. Under transient operation, the CO emissions value increased by 36% for an increase in test weight from 42 000 (19 051 kg) to 56 000 lb (25 401 kg). However, CO and PM were found to be insensitive to the vehicle weight during nearly steady-state operation.

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“…It may be the case that many of the measured DPM reductions by these technologies are in the larger end of the size range and that the finer, more hazardous particles are not significantly affected. Indeed, Dementhon & Martin (1997) showed that small DPM particles were actually created during the regeneration process in DPFs. Vaarashlahti et al (2004) showed that at high engine loads, a diesel engine operating with a continuously…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fog-and-Tube Scrubber for the Removal of Diesel Particulate Matter from Engine Exhaust

Tabor

Sarver

Saylor

2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Diesel particulate matter (DPM), the solid portion of diesel exhaust, has been linked to a range of deleterious health impacts. While a number of control strategies have been effective at reducing DPM in some environments, exposure risks are still high in others such as underground mines. In prior work, a novel scrubber treatment that used fog to remove DPM from engine exhaust was successfully prototyped in bench-scale laboratory experiments. Here, for the first time, the treatment concept was scaled up and field tested in a stone mine. An exhaust blower was used to pull fog, diesel exhaust, and mine air through a 30.5-meter long tube, enabling coagulation of DPM and fog drops resulting in their subsequent removal. Excluding one of the eleven tests, which appeared to be an outlier, the results showed that this fog-and-tube scrubber removed an average of 63% of particles (11.5-154nm) as compared to 18% in the control case (without fog), yielding an average improvement of 45%. Computer simulations suggest that the observed particle removal is predominantly due to rapid thermal coagulation between the DPM and fog drops, followed by removal of the DPM-laden drops via inertial impaction with the tube walls.

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Influence of Various Diesel Traps on Particulate Size Distribution

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Nucleation Mode Formation in Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust with and without a Particulate Filter

Nucleation Mode Formation in Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust with and without a Particulate Filter

Effect of Truck Operating Weight on Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions

A Fog-and-Tube Scrubber for the Removal of Diesel Particulate Matter from Engine Exhaust

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