Influence of varying nitrogen levels on lipid accumulation in Chlorella sp.

Kiran, Boggavarapu; Pathak, K. M. L.; Kumar, Ritunesh; Deshmukh, Devendra; Rani, Nisha

doi:10.1007/s13762-016-1021-4

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In Scenedesmus dimorphorus, neutral lipid or triglycerides appeared as yellow dots, whereas polar lipid and chlorophyll stained in red colour cells by Nile Red staining under fluorescent microscope with excitation wavelength at 420 nm and emission at 580-nm. Similar finding have been reported by many workers for lipid staining by using Nile Red dye for intracellular lipid identification (Cooksey et al, 1987;Matsunaga et al, 2009;Elumalai et al, 2011;Abdo et al, 2014;Kirrolia, 2015;Kiran et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

A New Lipid Rich Microalgal SP Scenedesmus Dimorphus Isolated: Nile Red Staining and Effect of Carbon, Nitrogen Sources on its Physio-Biochemical Components

Bajwa

Bishnoi

Kirrollia

et al. 2018

European Journal of Sustainable Development Research

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Currently, majority of the researchers concentrate on algal biomass production with autotrophic cultivation, however this cultivation strategy induces low biomass yield and it is troublesome to be utilized in large-scale algal biomass production. In contrary to this, heterotrophic algae can accumulate high level lipid production. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the effect of various carbon sources viz., glucose, sucrose, fructose, glycerol, sodium acetate and various nitrogen sources viz., NaNO3, urea, KNO3, NH4NO3, yeast extract, peptone, beef extract on lipid, biomass, total chlorophyll, protein and carbohydrate content in Scenedesmsus dimorphus. Among carbon sources, glucose showed maximum biomass yield (1.98±0.005gL-1) and highest lipid content (32.7±0.01%) followed by fructose, sucrose and glycerol. Similarly, total carbohydrates and protein content was also found to be maximum in glucose 0.275±0.002 mgmL-1 and 0.031±0.001 mgmL-1 respectively. While sodium nitrate supported maximum chlorophyll content (29.00±0.01 µgmL-1). Among various tested nitrogen sources, beef extract showed highest lipid production (30.28±0.05%), biomass yield (1.73±0.02 gL-1) in sodium nitrate and total carbohydrates (0.247±0.008) mgmL-1 in beef extract, followed by yeast extract and peptone. Highest chlorophyll content has been found in urea and maximum protein content in ammonium nitrate.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

A New Lipid Rich Microalgal SP Scenedesmus Dimorphus Isolated: Nile Red Staining and Effect of Carbon, Nitrogen Sources on its Physio-Biochemical Components

Bajwa

Bishnoi

Kirrollia

et al. 2018

European Journal of Sustainable Development Research

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“…It is well‐known that microalgae have a potential capacity to accumulate a large quantity of lipid content under nitrogen‐limiting conditions. The inhibition of carbon assimilation in the TCA cycle and the use of nascent carbon in lipid metabolism through Acetyl‐CoA can explain these findings . Duong et al assessed the dominance of unsaturated fatty acids in isolated species of S. dimorphus from freshwater.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The lowest content of Chl‐ a , Chl‐ b , and carotenoid was found, that is, 2.91 ± 0.17, 1.15 ± 0.27, and 0.82 ± 0.16 µg/ml, respectively, at the concentration of 0 mM/L, whereas the highest content of pigments were observed in the concentration of 17.6 mM/L which was Chl‐ a , 14.15 ± 0.07 µg/ml; Chl‐ b , 7.39 ± 0.35 µg/ml, and carotenoid, 4.36 ± 0.32 µg/ml. Similar findings were recorded in the literature, which showed the reduction in the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls a and b in nitrogen limitation conditions . Therefore, a reduction in the pigment content could be one of the primary factors for decreasing photosynthetic activity in microalgae upon a decrease in the nitrogen content of the growth medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel is the best option for the crisis in world energy due to desirable qualities, such as being biodegradable, environment‐friendly, and sustainable. Microalgae are increasingly the most viable possibility for biodiesel production . They can be efficiently utilised for biodiesel production, which is economically impressive and environmentally safe, and which could replace fossil fuels .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of nitrogen deficiency on the physiology and biochemical composition of microalga Scenedesmus rotundus‐MG910488

Dixit

Singh

2019

J Basic Microbiol

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The present investigation ascertains the impact of gradient concentrations of sodium nitrate on the physiology and biochemical composition of isolated microalga Scenedesmus rotundus-MG910488. The concentrations of nitrate were selected as 0, 3.5, 7.0, 10.5, 14.0, and 17.6 mM/L in BG 11 medium. The lower concentrations of nitrogen were found to be significantly decreasing the cell count and photosynthetic activity in the microalga as well as changing cell morphology.The amount of biomass, its productivity and lipid yield were significantly affected.The highest biomass of 689.15 ± 14.27 mg/L was achieved in the concentration of 17.6 mM/L with the biomass productivity of 38.28 ± 0.78 mg/L. The highest lipid accumulation of 41.46 ± 1.94% dry-cell weight was obtained at a concentration of 3.5 mM/L, whereas the lowest lipid accumulation of 29.22 ± 1.65% at the concentration of 17.6 mM/L sodium nitrate. The fatty acid composition determines the quality of the fuel, so the characterization of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was performed by GC, and the assessment of methyl esters of fatty acid confirmed the existence of palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, which are essential components suitable for biodiesel production. FTIR confirms the presence of FAME components by estimating the bending and stretching of functional groups.

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“…Under N depletion conditions, Chlorella stores carbon as triglycerides and starch, causing massive lipid production in the cell 21 . Recently, it has been reported that protein production under these conditions depends upon the N level and the duration of treatment 22 . The study showed that protein productivity in N starvation media was more than 40% higher than that in N-sufficient media over 4 days of Chlorella culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The establishment of new protein expression system using N starvation inducible promoters in Chlorella

Shin

Choi

Jeon

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Chlorella is a unicellular green microalga that has been used in fields such as bioenergy production and food supplementation. In this study, two promoters of N (nitrogen) deficiency-inducible Chlorella vulgaris N Deficiency Inducible (CvNDI) genes were isolated from Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 395. These promoters were used for the production of a recombinant protein, human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-cSf) in Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 395 and Chlorella sp. ArM0029B. To efficiently secrete the hG-cSf, the protein expression vectors incorporated novel signal peptides obtained from a secretomics analysis of Chlorella spp. After a stable transformation of those vectors with a codonoptimized hG-CSF sequence, hG-cSf polypeptides were successfully produced in the spent media of the transgenic Chlorella. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombinant protein expression using endogenous gene components of Chlorella. Chlorella is a single-celled eukaryote belonging to the green algae. It can grow phototrophically, heterotrophically, or mixotrophically to high biomass, producing different amounts of proteins and lipids 1. It grows rapidly, dividing into four cells in about 6 h. Because Chlorella synthesizes large amounts of proteins and lipids, it has been used as a raw material for biodiesel and also as a food additive 2-4. Chlorella undergoes posttranslational modifications such as protein N-glycosylation 5. The use of Chlorella for the production of valuable proteins has therefore been attempted for more than two decades 6-9. Chen et al. 10 showed expression of rabbit neutrophil peptide using a translational enhancer omega in Chlorella ellipsoidea. Kim et al. 11 produced flounder growth hormone using a 35S cauliflower mosaic virus (35S) promoter in C. ellipsoidea and showed a 25% growth increase of flounder fry. No recombinant proteins produced from Chlorella species have yet been commercialized, although the species has been studied intensively for the potential production of biodiesel. An optimized expression system for producing proteins in Chlorella is urgently needed. Recombinant protein production studies require a highly efficient method for the transformation of Chlorella. Various transformation techniques, including electroporation, PEG transformation, particle bombardment, and Agrobacterium cocultivation, have been used for the efficient transformation of Chlorella spp. 10-14. Recently, Kumar et al. 15 reported an effective method for enhancing transformation efficiency by more than 100-fold using electroporation combined with efficient protoplasting of Chlorella. Besides efficient transformation, an optimized system for the endogenous expression of proteins is indispensable. An expression system involving appropriate promoters is one of the most important factors for highefficiency production of recombinant proteins. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the promoter of the heat shock protein gene HSP70a has been widely used for the expression of foreign genes in C. reinhardtii 16,17. In recent yea...

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Influence of varying nitrogen levels on lipid accumulation in Chlorella sp.

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

A New Lipid Rich Microalgal SP Scenedesmus Dimorphus Isolated: Nile Red Staining and Effect of Carbon, Nitrogen Sources on its Physio-Biochemical Components

A New Lipid Rich Microalgal SP Scenedesmus Dimorphus Isolated: Nile Red Staining and Effect of Carbon, Nitrogen Sources on its Physio-Biochemical Components

Effect of nitrogen deficiency on the physiology and biochemical composition of microalga Scenedesmus rotundus‐MG910488

The establishment of new protein expression system using N starvation inducible promoters in Chlorella

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