Influence of weather and climate on cryptosporidiosis—A review

Ikiroma, Adalia; Pollock, Kevin

doi:10.1111/zph.12785

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…A previous study concluded that leptospirosis is positively correlated with rainfall and temperature 25 . However, in consistency with findings in other previous studies 26 , the results of our data-driven analysis for cryptosporidiosis show significant positive correlations with temperature variables, but negative correlation with annual maximum precipitation. Climate-independent societal factors, such as improved sanitation and increased public awareness, may also play a role for the present empirical findings of decreased leptospirosis under the overall warming and wetting experienced in the study region.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Linking climate and infectious disease trends in the Northern/Arctic Region

Destouni

Kalantari

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Recognition of climate-sensitive infectious diseases is crucial for mitigating health threats from climate change. Recent studies have reasoned about potential climate sensitivity of diseases in the Northern/Arctic Region, where climate change is particularly pronounced. By linking disease and climate data for this region, we here comprehensively quantify empirical climate-disease relationships. Results show significant relationships of borreliosis, leptospirosis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Puumala virus infection, cryptosporidiosis, and Q fever with climate variables related to temperature and freshwater conditions. These data-driven results are consistent with previous reasoning-based propositions of climate-sensitive infections as increasing threats for humans, with notable exceptions for TBE and leptospirosis. For the latter, the data imply decrease with increasing temperature and precipitation experienced in, and projected for, the Northern/Arctic Region. This study provides significant data-based underpinning for simplified empirical assessments of the risks of several infectious diseases under future climate change.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Linking climate and infectious disease trends in the Northern/Arctic Region

Destouni

Kalantari

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Seasons play a vital role in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species infection among animals, including cattle, with the protozoan being more prevalent during the wet (raining) season than the dry season in many countries around the world (Bern et al, 2000;Naumova et al, 2005;Ikiroma and Pollock, 2020). In line with this observation, we reported a higher occurrence of Cryptosporidium species in cattle during the rainy season than in the dry season.…”

Section: Discussion Discussion Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Detection, prevalence, and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria

2022

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Cryptosporidium species cause high morbidity and sometimes high mortality rates among cattle, resulting in serious economic threats. This present study is aimed at investigating the presence, prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium species infection among cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria. To achieve this, 333 apparently healthy cattle were sampled from abattoirs and different cattle herds over a one-year period. Faecal samples were collected and subjected to the formalin-ethyl acetate (formol-ether) sedimentation technique. Sediments from the formol-ether sedimentation method were used for the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The Microsoft Excel (2016) spreadsheet and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA) for Windows version 22.0 were used for the data analysis. Of the cattle sampled, 99 were positive for the enteric protozoan (29.73%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.07–34.85). There was no distinct pattern in the monthly prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle. Breeds of cattle, physiological status, and seasons were statistically associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in cattle. There is a need to educate pastoralists on the control and preventive measures of this enteric protozoan to improve the economy of the cattle industry and prevent possible transmission to humans in Kwara State and Nigeria in general.

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“…Ikiroma and Pollock suggested that changes in human activities such as swimming in untreated freshwater streams and lakes, increased demand for drinking water, and less conscientious hygiene might promote infections with Cryptosporidium during warmer temperatures. 59 Additionally, Lake and colleagues postulated that overflow from animal reservoirs might be responsible for the increased Cryptosporidium infections during early summer months. 60 The authors found asso ciations between river flow and cryptosporidiosis during April to July, which might be explained by the release of large numbers of highly infectious newborn farm animals onto land from which their excrement could readily be washed into freshwater bodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global projections of temperature-attributable mortality due to enteric infections: a modelling study

Chua

Huber

et al. 2021

The Lancet Planetary Health

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Background Mortality due to enteric infections is projected to increase because of global warming; however, the different temperature sensitivities of major enteric pathogens have not yet been considered in projections on a global scale. We aimed to project global temperature-attributable enteric infection mortality under various future scenarios of sociodemographic development and climate change.Methods In this modelling study, we generated global projections in two stages. First, we forecasted baseline mortality from ten enteropathogens (non-typhoidal salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, cholera, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E coli, typhoid, rotavirus, norovirus, and Cryptosporidium) under several future sociodemographic development and health investment scenarios (ie, pessimistic, intermediate, and optimistic). We then estimated the mortality change from baseline attributable to global warming using the product of projected annual temperature anomalies and pathogen-specific temperature sensitivities.Findings We estimated that in the period 2080-95, the global mean number of temperature-attributable deaths due to enteric infections could be as low as 6599 (95% empirical CI 5441-7757) under the optimistic sociodemographic development and climate change scenario, or as high as 83 888 (67 760-100 015) under the pessimistic scenario. Most of the projected temperature-attributable deaths were from shigellosis, cryptosporidiosis, and typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Considerable reductions in the number of attributable deaths were from viral infections, such as rotaviral and noroviral enteritis, which resulted in net reductions in attributable enteric infection mortality under optimistic scenarios for Latin America and the Caribbean and East Asia and the Pacific.Interpretation Temperature-attributable mortality could increase under warmer climate and unfavourable sociodemographic conditions. Mitigation policies for limiting global warming and sociodemographic development policies for low-income and middle-income countries might help reduce mortality from enteric infections in the future.

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Influence of weather and climate on cryptosporidiosis—A review

Abstract: One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is waterborne diseases which affect not only low-and middle-income countries but also high-income countries (Hrudey, 2004;

Cited by 28 publications

References 97 publications

Linking climate and infectious disease trends in the Northern/Arctic Region

Linking climate and infectious disease trends in the Northern/Arctic Region

Detection, prevalence, and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria

Global projections of temperature-attributable mortality due to enteric infections: a modelling study

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