Influence of Zn doping on electrooptical properties and structure parameters of lithium niobate crystals

Abdi, Farid; Aillerie, Michel; Fontana, M.D.; Bourson, P.; Volk, T. R.; Maximov, B.; Sulyanov, S. N.; Rubinina, N. M.; Wöhlecke, M.

doi:10.1007/s003400050706

Cited by 84 publications

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“…Therefore, the results presented in Fig. 1 show that during increase of Mg 2+ ions concentration up to threshold, the quantity of V Li within an error monotonously increases as well contrary to the widespread point of view [8,16]. It should be noticed that similar conclusions were also received at early stages of Mg doped LN crystals study [5].…”

Section: The Analysis Of Mg-doped Ln Structurementioning

confidence: 54%

“…The analysis of Mg 2+ ions localization in LN structure was made by many researchers and it has been shown that at MgO concentration less than threshold, Mg 2+ ions usually occupy positions of Li + -ions, preventing the appearance of antisite Nb Li ions [5][6][7][8][9]. However, when MgO concentration is above the threshold there are different models of Mg 2+ ions localization in LN crystal: 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

et al. 2010

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The analysis of cation sublattices population in magnesium doped LiNbO 3 crystals is carried out. It is shown that volume concentration of lithium vacancies (V Li ) monotonously increases with increasing of MgO content in the crystal up to the threshold value. A series of LiNbO 3 crystals with various concentration of Mg 2+ were investigated by 7 Li and 93 Nb Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). It is concluded that the peculiarities of NMR spectra in Mg-doped LiNbO 3 crystals can be explained by the formation of defect complexes including Mg Li ions and V Li on the shortest distances between them.

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Section: The Analysis Of Mg-doped Ln Structurementioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

et al. 2010

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“…The Zn-doped material presents good crystallinity, transparency, 5 and resistance to laser damage. 6 At the same time, they preserve the high electrooptic coefficients 7 and the ferroelectric domain structure of the LiNbO 3 substrate. 8 The fabrication process involves two steps: the diffusion of Zn from the vapor phase at 500-700°C, followed by an annealing step performed at 800-900°C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of surface layers in Zn-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides by heavy ion elastic recoil detection

Espeso-Gil

Garcı́a

Agulló‐López

et al. 2002

Applied Physics Letters

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The surface layers formed in LiNbO 3 waveguides, fabricated by Zn diffusion from the vapor phase, have been investigated by time of flight elastic recoil detection analysis using 127 I ions. The key features of this technique, simultaneous profiling of all ions and a depth of analysis Ͻ1 m, have allowed a detailed and quantitative characterization of the surface layers. The Zn diffusion into LiNbO 3 can be understood as a 2Li↔Zn exchange process. As a consequence, an outermost layer of several hundreds of nanometers is formed, consisting of LiNbO 3 and ZnNb 2 O 6 phases showing complementary profiles. A good correlation has been found between the composition profiles and the optical waveguiding behavior. After thermal annealing of the waveguides, a thinner layer containing a uniform mixture of ZnO and LiNbO 3 is generated followed by a transition to a graded solid solution of Zn into LiNbO 3 . © 2002 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1506405͔ Different methods are available for the fabrication of good-quality low-loss waveguides in LiNbO 3 . In particular, Ti diffusion, performed at 900-1100°C, has been commercially implemented for many years for the fabrication of a variety of integrated optics devices. 1 Unfortunately, optical damage ͑photorefractive effect͒ severely impairs the use of these waveguides for high-power density applications such as lasers and nonlinear optical devices in the visible range. Several alternatives to Ti diffusion have been put forward and are being developed. One promising approach is Zn diffusion from the vapor phase, 2 from a ZnO source, 3 or by liquid-phase epitaxy. 4 In the first procedure, the diffusion temperature is much lower ͑550-800°C͒ than that for Ti diffusion and therefore it is free of many problems derived from the high temperature processing. The Zn-doped material presents good crystallinity, transparency, 5 and resistance to laser damage. 6 At the same time, they preserve the high electrooptic coefficients 7 and the ferroelectric domain structure of the LiNbO 3 substrate. 8 The fabrication process involves two steps: the diffusion of Zn from the vapor phase at 500-700°C, followed by an annealing step performed at 800-900°C. Some laser and nonlinear optical devices have been already implemented on Zn-doped waveguides. 9,10 However, the physical characterization of the waveguides is still defficient. Optical experiments have suggested the formation of a multilayer structure with a thin low-index film at the surface, 11 although a direct experimental confirmation is lacking. In fact, the techniques used so far are either insensitive to these surface layers or not quantitative enough to provide a detailed and reliable picture.The purpose of this work has been to apply the potential of the time of flight elastic recoil detection analysis ͑TOF-ERDA͒ method 12 using heavy 127 I ions to determine the near-surface profiles of all relevant atom species. The main advantage of this technique is that the information for all elements is retrieved in the same experimen...

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“…Поиск стойких к оптическому повреждению мате-риалов отражен, в частности, в публикациях, посвя-щенных исследованиям кристаллов LiNbO 3 : ZnO [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Причиной расхождения результатов, представленных в работах [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], часто является то, что при исследовании не учитывается изменение физико-химических харак-теристик системы кристалл-расплав и соответственно, изменение структуры кристаллов LiNbO 3 : ZnO при из-менении концентрации легирующей примеси в расплаве.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Причиной расхождения результатов, представленных в работах [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], часто является то, что при исследовании не учитывается изменение физико-химических харак-теристик системы кристалл-расплав и соответственно, изменение структуры кристаллов LiNbO 3 : ZnO при из-менении концентрации легирующей примеси в расплаве.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Физико-химические, диэлектрические, пьезоэлектрические свойства и проводимость кристаллов LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- : ZnO (4.02-8.91 mol.%)

Палатников¹,

Sandler²,

Sidorov³

et al. 2017

Журнал Технической Физики

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Influence of Zn doping on electrooptical properties and structure parameters of lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

Characterization of surface layers in Zn-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides by heavy ion elastic recoil detection

Физико-химические, диэлектрические, пьезоэлектрические свойства и проводимость кристаллов LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- : ZnO (4.02-8.91 mol.%)

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Influence of Zn doping on electrooptical properties and structure parameters of lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 84 publications

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NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO3Crystal

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO3Crystal

Characterization of surface layers in Zn-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides by heavy ion elastic recoil detection

Физико-химические, диэлектрические, пьезоэлектрические свойства и проводимость кристаллов LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- : ZnO (4.02-8.91 mol.&#37;)

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NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

NMR Analysis of Mg Ion Localization in LiNbO₃Crystal

Физико-химические, диэлектрические, пьезоэлектрические свойства и проводимость кристаллов LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- : ZnO (4.02-8.91 mol.%)