Influences of Anemia, Kidney Disease, Thyroid Dysfunction, and Liver Disease on the Ratio of Glycated Albumin to Hemoglobin A1c

Miyamoto, Hirokuni; Tao, Xinran; Kohzuma, Takuji; Ohnishi, Akihiro

doi:10.1177/1932296818767452

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They found that, compared with euthyroid controls, hypothyroidism patients had significantly higher GA/HbA 1c , while hyperthyroidism patients had significantly lower GA/HbA 1c . 11 In the basal and unstimulated condition, the thyroid gland produces relatively low level of thyroid hormones, a majority of which is prohormone FT4. 27 The bioactive form FT3 exerts genomic effects by directly binding to the nuclear receptor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Kim et al reported that thyroid hormone replacement decreased the level of GA. 10 Recently, Miyamoto et al found that, compared to nondiabetic euthyroid controls, the GA to HbA 1c ratio (GA/HbA 1c ) was significantly higher in individuals with hypothyroidism and was significantly lower in individuals with hyperthyroidism. 11 Although the manifestation of subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) is often silent and obscure, SHypo is related to an increased risk of fracture, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. 12,13 The prevalence of SHypo is much higher than that of overt hypo-or hyperthyroidism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Associations Between Thyroid Hormones and Glycated Albumin in Euthyroid and Subclinical Hypothyroid Individuals: Results of an Observational Study</p>

Nie¹,

Shen²,

Ma³

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Although overt thyroid dysfunction has been found to influence the level of glycated albumin (GA), the associations between thyroid hormones and GA in individuals with euthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) are still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether thyroid hormones were related to GA in euthyroid and SHypo individuals. Methods: We recruited 685 euthyroid and 103 SHypo subjects with normal weight from communities in Shanghai. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone. GA was detected by the enzymatic method. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Among the 788 subjects (age range 31-81 years old), 307 were men and 481 were women. In the Spearman correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis, FT3 was negatively correlated with both GA and GA/HbA 1c in euthyroid subjects (all P < 0.05). The values of GA and GA/HbA 1c were reduced by approximately 0.30 and 0.05, respectively, for each 0.50 pmol/L increment in FT3. In SHypo subjects, FT4 was negatively associated with both GA and GA/HbA 1c (all P < 0.05). The values of GA and GA/HbA 1c were reduced by approximately 0.23 and 0.03, respectively, for each 1.00 pmol/L increment in FT4. Conclusion: In euthyroid and SHypo subjects, more attention should be paid to the potential effects of individual differences in thyroid hormones on GA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Associations Between Thyroid Hormones and Glycated Albumin in Euthyroid and Subclinical Hypothyroid Individuals: Results of an Observational Study</p>

Nie¹,

Shen²,

Ma³

et al. 2020

DMSO

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“…Considering all these considerations, it would good clinical practice consider GA/ HbA1C ratio rather than each single value. In a recent study has been reported that, with respect a control group (2.6± 0.19) this ratio was highest in macrocytic anaemia (3.4 ± 0.50), normocytic anemia whereas this ratio was lowest in microcytic anaemia (2.5 ± 0.23), nephrotic syndrome (1.6 ± 0.28) and hyperthyroidism (2.2 ± 0.24) [36]. In conclusion, glycated album is useful not only to corroborate and screen diabetes mellitus but also to evaluate the risk in several pathologies.…”

Section: Advantages Of Glycated Albumin As Early Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 85%

Glycated Albumin, An Early Biomarker of Several Pathologies

Rosana¹,

Leopoldo

Antonio

et al. 2020

BJSTR

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The role of glycated albumin is determinant for early diagnosis in several pathologies. Obviously, it is with glycated hemoglobin elective for Diabetes diagnosis but the ratio albumin glycated and hemoglobin glycated could support the in vitro diagnosis in several pathologies of CNS such as Parkinson Alzheimer diseases and Epilepsy. Mini ReviewHuman serum albumin, produced as preproalbumin is modified as mature albumin and secreted by the hepatocytes controlled by the gene localized on chromosome 4 [1,2]. It is present largely in human blood, about 50% of the others circulating protein displaying a concentration ranging from 30 g/L to 50 g/L in nonpathological subjects. On the contrary, its Molecular weight is 67 KDa resulting lower than other proteins [3]. Are present 585 aa constituting III domains each of them sub classified in two domains, A and B [2]. These domains give an alpha helix structure. Among Domains A and B are reported 17 bounds Cyst-Cyst whereas Cyst 34 is unbounded. This protein folding permits to react versus pH changes and other biophysical changes [4]. Useful oncotic pressure is due to electrical point (pI)of the protein giving a distributed negative charge [5,6]; moreover, albumin binds reversibly metabolites, ions, fatty acid, bilirubin and drugs regulating the drug delivering [7][8][9]. Finally, albumin modulates the oxidative stress in plasma acting with free Cyst-34 [10,11]. Non-Enzymatic Glycated AlbuminThe high albumin serum concentration and the moderate half-life (t1/2 = 21 days) with respect the other serum proteins is highly sensitive to direct glycation reaction. This is Maillard's reaction is glucose and free amine group of albumins giving a labile intermediate "Shiff base" that rearranges itself (Amadori mechanism) giving fructose-amine derivatives displaying moderate stability [12,13]. Both Shiff base and fructose-amine derivatives are the preliminary products of glycated albumin [14]; however, the last one could give heterocycles such as piranosyl-and furanosyladducts [15]. Other pathways could give, due to several oxidative or cleavage or re-modelling processes, stable compounds so called AGE (Advanced Glycation End product) [16].

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“…HbA1c has been introduced for the diagnosis of diabetes. However, HbA1c does not accurately reflect glycemic status in patients with anemia, variant hemoglobin and so on[ 15 , 16 ]. On the other hand, GA reflects short–term glycemic control and is not influenced by the erythrocyte lifespan[ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of glycated albumin for the identification of diabetes in subjects from northeast China

2021

WJD

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BACKGROUND Metabolic memory is important for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in the early stage, and in maintaining blood glucose concentrations within the normal range. The clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is currently made using fasting plasma glucose, 2 h-plasma glucose (2h-PG) during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. However, the fasting plasma glucose test requires fasting, which is a barrier to screening, and reproducibility of the 2h-PG level is poor. HbA1c is affected by a shortened red blood cell lifespan. In patients with anemia and hemoglobinopathies, the measured HbA1c levels may be inaccurate. Compared with HbA1c, glycated albumin (GA) is characterized by more rapid and greater changes, and can be used to diagnose new-onset diabetes especially if urgent early treatment is required, for example in gestational diabetes. In this study, we provided cutoff values for GA and evaluated its utility as a screening and diagnostic tool for diabetes in a large high-risk group study. AIM To evaluate the utility of GA in identifying subjects with diabetes in northeast China, and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the proposed GA cutoff in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1935 subjects, with suspected diabetes or in high-risk groups, from 2014 to 2015 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Harbin, China). The use of GA to identify diabetes was investigated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The GA cutoffs were derived from different 2h-PG values with hemoglobin A1c cutoffs used as a calibration curve. RESULTS The GA cutoff for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was 15.15% from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. ROC analysis demonstrated that GA was an efficient marker for detecting diabetes, with an AUC of 90.3%. CONCLUSION Our study supports the use of GA as a biomarker for the diagnosis of diabetes.

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Influences of Anemia, Kidney Disease, Thyroid Dysfunction, and Liver Disease on the Ratio of Glycated Albumin to Hemoglobin A1c

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

<p>Associations Between Thyroid Hormones and Glycated Albumin in Euthyroid and Subclinical Hypothyroid Individuals: Results of an Observational Study</p>

<p>Associations Between Thyroid Hormones and Glycated Albumin in Euthyroid and Subclinical Hypothyroid Individuals: Results of an Observational Study</p>

Glycated Albumin, An Early Biomarker of Several Pathologies

Use of glycated albumin for the identification of diabetes in subjects from northeast China

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