Influences of Breakfast on Clock Gene Expression and Postprandial Glycemia in Healthy Individuals and Individuals With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Jakubowicz, Daniela; Wainstein, Julio; Landau, Zohar; Raz, Itamar; Åhrén, Bo; Chapnik, Nava; Ganz, Tali; Menaged, Miriam; Barnea, Maayan; Bar‐Dayan, Yosefa; Froy, Oren

doi:10.2337/dc16-2753

Cited by 145 publications

(164 citation statements)

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“…42,137,161,193 One exciting and rapidly developing field, based on the understanding that the feeding time represents the most potent Zeitgeber for peripheral oscillators that orchestrate body metabolism, is chrononutrition. 202 Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that timed exercise has the potential to improve metabolic characteristics. [196][197][198][199][200][201] In addition, breakfast consumption or omission has an important impact on body metabolism, in particular in diabetic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of being rhythmic: Living in harmony with your body clocks

Dibner

2019

Acta Physiologica

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OSCILLATORSThe time-keeping system, dubbed "circadian" from Latin circa diem (about a day), allows light-sensitive beings, including humans, to coordinate their physiology and behaviour to the daily changes in geophysical time (Figure 1). The mammalian network of body clocks is organized in a strictly hierarchical manner. A master oscillator, residing in the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus ( Figure 1A), synchronizes a myriad of peripheral oscillators situated in each organ ( Figure 1B) on a daily basis. In turn, rhythmicity in the SCN is entrained by external timecues or Zeitgebers (German term for time givers). Daily changes in light intensity, detected by classical photoreceptors and intrinsically light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells expressing AbstractCircadian rhythms have developed in all light-sensitive organisms, including humans, as a fundamental anticipatory mechanism that enables proactive adaptation to environmental changes. The circadian system is organized in a highly hierarchical manner, with clocks operative in most cells of the body ensuring the temporal coordination of physiological processes. Circadian misalignment, stemming from modern life style, draws increasing attention due to its tight association with the development of metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory and mental diseases as well as cancer.This review highlights recent findings emphasizing the role of the circadian system in the temporal orchestration of physiology, with a particular focus on implications of circadian misalignment in human pathologies. K E Y W O R D Scircadian clock, circadian misalignment, continuous recording of circadian bioluminescence, human physiology How to cite this article: Dibner C. The importance of being rhythmic: Living in harmony with your body clocks. Acta Physiol. 2020;228:e13281. https ://doi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of being rhythmic: Living in harmony with your body clocks

Dibner

2019

Acta Physiologica

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“…In addition to significantly increasing the risk of obesity, a recent study observed that acute breakfast omission altered clock genes expression and resulted in an increased postprandial glycaemic response (Jakubowicz et al . ). Additionally, shift workers are predisposed to weight gain and metabolic disorders, which has been suggested to arise from circadian misalignment (Antunes et al .…”

Section: Timing Of Eating (Calorie Distribution): Effects On Energy Bmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Jakubowicz et al . , ). Humans are a diurnal species with the light cycle stimulating wakefulness and feeding, and darkness initiating sleeping and fasting (Fig.…”

Section: Timing Of Eating (Calorie Distribution): Effects On Energy Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary advice for weight management in humans is based on the assumption that 'a calorie is a calorie' and that meal timing is inconsequential. However, recent evidence from chrono-nutrition studies questions this assumption and verifies the importance of meal timing in energy balance and cardio-metabolic health and disease (Antunes et al 2010;Garaulet et al 2013;Jakubowicz et al 2013Jakubowicz et al , 2017. Humans are a diurnal species with the light cycle stimulating wakefulness and feeding, and darkness initiating sleeping and fasting (Fig.…”

Section: Timing Of Eating (Calorie Distribution): Effects On Energy Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent meta-analysis of observational studies demonstrated an association between evening energy consumption and higher BMI (Fong et al 2017) and McHill et al (2017) found that, on average, obese individuals consumed most of their calories an hour closer to melatonin onset (biological marker of impending sleep onset) compared to lean individuals. In addition to significantly increasing the risk of obesity, a recent study observed that acute breakfast omission altered clock genes expression and resulted in an increased postprandial glycaemic response (Jakubowicz et al 2017). Additionally, shift workers are predisposed to weight gain and metabolic disorders, which has been suggested to arise from circadian misalignment (Antunes et al 2010).…”

Section: Timing Of Eating (Calorie Distribution): Effects On Energy Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Big Breakfast Study: Chrono‐nutrition influence on energy expenditure and bodyweight

et al. 2018

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A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of the biological clock as a modulator of energy balance and metabolism. Recent studies in humans have shown that ingested calories are apparently utilised more efficiently in the morning than in the evening and this is manifest through improved weight loss, even under iso‐energetic calorie intake. The mechanisms behind this enhanced morning energy metabolism are not yet clear, although it may result from behavioural adaptations or circadian driven variations in physiology and energy metabolism. A major objective of the newly funded Big Breakfast Study therefore is to investigate the mechanistic basis of this amplified morning thermogenesis leading to enhanced weight loss, by exploring behavioural and physiological adaptations in energy expenditure alongside the underlying circadian biology. This report briefly discusses the current research linking meal timing, circadian rhythms and metabolism; highlights the research gaps; and provides an overview of the studies being undertaken as part of the Medical Research Council‐funded Big Breakfast Study.

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