Influences of copper–potassium ion exchange process on the optical bandgaps and spectroscopic properties of Cr³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped in lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses

Abstract

Visible emission spectra of SALBK-1Cr2.5Yb-0Cu, SALBK-1Cr2.5Yb-15Cu, SALBK-1Cr2.5Yb-20Cu, SALBK-1Cr2.5Yb-25Cu, SALBK-1Cr2.5Yb-30Cu, and SALBK-1Cr2.5Yb-35Cu glass samples under excitation 343 nm.

Nano-crystallite bones of Oreochromis niloticus and Katsuwonus pelamis for the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye

“…9 (A) and 9(B) for Tilapia and Surma, respectively. Equation (15) was employed to compute the direct bandgap and the details are documented elsewhere [ 24 , 56 , 57 ]. Where h is the Plank's constant; ϑ is the photon frequency; ∝ is the absorption coefficient; constant value is presented by A; optical band gap energy is denoted by E g ; the value of n is 2 which is characteristic of the direct band gap.…”

Modification of the crystallographic parameters in a biomaterial employing a series of gamma radiation doses

“…The optical band gap was measured by using UV-vis spectrophotometer data and employing the Tauc method as presented in eqn (23) for direct bandgap. 37,38 ∝ hϑ = A ( hϑ − E g ) n where h = Plank's constant, ∝ = absorption co-efficient, ϑ = photon frequency, A = constant, E g = optical band gap, and n = 2 (constant) for direct band gap.…”

“…The optical band gap was measured by using UV-vis spectrophotometer data and employing the Tauc method as presented in eqn ( 23) for direct bandgap. 37,38 ∝hϑ…”