Influences of Exciton Diffusion and Exciton-Exciton Annihilation on Photon Emission Statistics of Carbon Nanotubes

Ma, Xuedan; Roslyak, Oleskiy; Duque, Juan G.; Pang, Xiaoying; Doorn, Stephen K.; Piryatinski, Andrei; Dunlap, David; Htoon, Han

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.115.017401

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This result is different from that suggested by a model in Ref. [29], where the degree of antibunching remains constant at g min > ∼ 0.4 even for small r/l. In cases where L is finite, simulation results deviate from Eq.…”

Section: First-passage Approachcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The experimentally obtained minimum values of g (2) (0) for all four tubes are consistent with the simulation results, falling within a reasonable range of 0.27 to 0.43. Now considering the region of r > L, L limits the initial distance between two excitons, resulting in the plateau since the situation does not change for larger r. We believe that the plateau of g min at ∼ 0.4 correspond to the limiting value obtained under uniform excitation within the diffusion length [29].…”

Section: First-passage Approachmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…As EEA does not occur for a single exciton, the last surviving exciton can recombine to emit a single photon. It is not intuitively obvious whether such an emission mechanism allows for high-performance single photon generation, but limitations on the attainable degree of antibunching has been suggested [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Room-Temperature Single-Photon Emission from Micrometer-Long Air-Suspended Carbon Nanotubes

2017

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Statistics of photons emitted by mobile excitons in individual carbon nanotubes are investigated. Photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to identify the chiralities and suspended lengths of airsuspended nanotubes, and photon correlation measurements are performed at room temperature on telecommunication-wavelength nanotube emission with a Hanbury-Brown-Twiss setup. We obtain zero-delay second-order correlation g (2) (0) less than 0.5, indicating single photon generation. Excitation power dependence of the photon antibunching characteristics is examined for nanotubes with various chiralities and suspended lengths, where we find that the minimum value of g (2) (0) is obtained at the lowest power. The influence of exciton diffusion and end quenching is studied by Monte Carlo simulations, and we derive an analytical expression for the minimum value of g (2) (0). Our results indicate that mobile excitons in micron-long nanotubes can in principle produce high-purity single photons, leading to new design strategies for quantum photon sources. arXiv:1707.05435v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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Section: First-passage Approachcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: First-passage Approachmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Room-Temperature Single-Photon Emission from Micrometer-Long Air-Suspended Carbon Nanotubes

2017

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“…Time-resolved transient absorption (TA) and PL spectroscopy measurements have revealed that multiple exciton states show rapid decays due to nonradiative Auger recombination. [16][17][18][19] Nonradiative Auger recombination, which competes with exciton diffusion, determines the PL efficiency of semiconducting SWCNTs, [20][21][22][23][24] and it ensures nonclassical PL by preventing the occupation of identical exciton states. 25 Carrier doping is one of the most important techniques in semiconductors, which controls their electrical and optical properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Photophysics of Trions in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Nishihara¹,

Okano²,

Yamada³

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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The photophysics of trions in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is reviewed briefly. The trion state is observed energetically below the exciton state in hole-doped SWCNTs, and shows a simple single-exponential decay. The decay dynamics of trions depends on the photoexcitation condition. The optical responses of trions can be discussed by considering the energy relaxation of the optically accessible trion state. Detailed studies of excitons, trions, and biexcitons provide a deep understanding of the material properties of SWCNTs and are required for the design of photonic devices based on SWCNTs. 3,4 which has led to accelerated experimental studies on various optical properties of SWCNTs. Electrons and holes are strongly spatially confined to diameters on the order of 1 nm, resulting in room temperature stable excitons with large binding energies in the range of 200-400 meV.5-11 The exciton dynamics thus dominates the optical properties of semiconducting SWCNTs. 5,6 High-quality carbon nanomaterials provide an excellent experimental stage for studies on photophysics of excitons and exciton complexes.The exciton structures in SWCNTs are complicated due to the intrinsic properties of graphene, their unique helical structures, and coulomb interactions. 5 The origin of the optical absorption and PL is ascribed to the dipole-allowed (bright) exciton states, and their dynamics are affected by the interplay with the dipole-forbidden (dark) exciton states. Single nanotube spectroscopy has revealed details of the intrinsic exciton properties. For example, magneto-optical studies showed that the even-parity singlet dark exciton state is located energetically below the bright exciton state.12,13 Thermalization between the bright and dark exciton states determines the temperaturedependent PL properties 12,13 and the exciton diffusion length. 14,15 Furthermore, strong spatial confinement accentuates the exciton-exciton and exciton-electron interactions. Time-resolved transient absorption (TA) and PL spectroscopy measurements have revealed that multiple exciton states show rapid decays due to nonradiative Auger recombination. [16][17][18][19] Nonradiative Auger recombination, which competes with exciton diffusion, determines the PL efficiency of semiconducting SWCNTs, [20][21][22][23][24] and it ensures nonclassical PL by preventing the occupation of identical exciton states. 25Carrier doping is one of the most important techniques in semiconductors, which controls their electrical and optical properties. In SWCNTs, carrier doping has been actively studied using chemical modification [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] 47 Under strong photoexcitation conditions, dissociated carriers resulting from Auger recombination can create trion states with a subsequent absorbed photon. 43 Positive and negative trion states show almost the same binding energies. 46 Time-resolved TA and PL measurements have revealed fast formation of the trion state through the exciton-hole interaction. 48,49 Active experimental stud...

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“…Under cryogenic temperatures, excitons in CNTs are localized and behave as quantumdot-like states [6], exhibiting a quantum light signature [7,8]. At room temperature, single photon generation using CNTs has already been accomplished by two approaches [9][10][11][12][13]. The first is where exciton trapping sites are created to localize excitons [10,11], and the second is where efficient exciton-exciton annihilation process is used to reduce the number of mobile excitons to unity [12,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Single-Photon Emission from Carbon-Nanotube Dopant States Coupled to Silicon Microcavities

Ishii

Hartmann

et al. 2018

Nano Lett.

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes are a promising material as quantum light sources at room temperature and as nanoscale light sources for integrated photonic circuits on silicon. Here, we show that the integration of dopant states in carbon nanotubes and silicon microcavities can provide bright and high-purity single-photon emitters on a silicon photonics platform at room temperature. We perform photoluminescence spectroscopy and observe the enhancement of emission from the dopant states by a factor of ∼50, and cavity-enhanced radiative decay is confirmed using time-resolved measurements, in which a ∼30% decrease of emission lifetime is observed. The statistics of photons emitted from the cavity-coupled dopant states are investigated by photon-correlation measurements, and high-purity single photon generation is observed. The excitation power dependence of photon emission statistics shows that the degree of photon antibunching can be kept high even when the excitation power increases, while the single-photon emission rate can be increased to ∼1.7 × 10 Hz.

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Influences of Exciton Diffusion and Exciton-Exciton Annihilation on Photon Emission Statistics of Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Room-Temperature Single-Photon Emission from Micrometer-Long Air-Suspended Carbon Nanotubes

Room-Temperature Single-Photon Emission from Micrometer-Long Air-Suspended Carbon Nanotubes

Review—Photophysics of Trions in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Enhanced Single-Photon Emission from Carbon-Nanotube Dopant States Coupled to Silicon Microcavities

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