Influences of graphite reinforcement on the tribological properties of self-lubricating aluminum matrix composites for green tribology, sustainability, and energy efficiency—a review

Omrani, Emad; Moghadam, Afsaneh Dorri; Menezes, Pradeep L.; Rohatgi, Pradeep K.

doi:10.1007/s00170-015-7528-x

Cited by 150 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…This film reduces the frictional force between the composite and counterface material. Moreover, the application of self-lubricating Al composites to different applications will reduce the use of toxic and external lubricants, thereby achieving environmental sustainability and energy efficiency under normal conditions [34]. At high values of normal load and sliding speed, the localized melt and slip and the large plastic deformations (caused by the high frictional heat) are the dominant factors contributing to the removal of surface film from the wear surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication characteristics and tribological behavior of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid aluminum matrix composites: A review

Singh

2016

Friction

121

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Improvement in surface properties and retainment of bulk properties are essential requirements for the design of components for wear resistance applications. This paper summarizes various features of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid composites that can be employed in different tribological applications. The study has revealed that the processing route plays a significant role in obtaining a homogeneous structure of these composites. In powder metallurgy, the selection of sizes of the matrix and reinforcement powders is crucial, whereas the wettability between the reinforcement particles and molten alloy is a major challenge in liquid metallurgy. The incorporation of SiC particles increases the mechanical strength and wear performance of Al composites. However, ejection of these particles can reduce the wear performance of Al composites under severe conditions. The addition of Gr particles helps in the formation of a thick and extensive tribolayer on the wear surface. This layer reduces direct contact between the rubbing surfaces, thereby decreasing the wear rate under certain conditions. Morphological analysis of worn surfaces has confirmed that the hybrid composites exhibit superior wear properties than the pure Al alloy and the ceramic-reinforced composite. However, increase in the Gr content beyond a limiting value can deteriorate the tribological properties of these composites. Therefore, true optimization of a tribosystem (of the hybrid composite and counterface) can be achieved by selecting appropriate reinforcement contents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the presence of solid lubrication can lead to low wear rates, but the selection of Gr contents is a key influencing parameter as it can adversely affect the strength of composites [30,31,34]. Therefore, the influence of Gr contents on the tribological properties of Al/SiC/Gr composites must be analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication characteristics and tribological behavior of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid aluminum matrix composites: A review

Singh

2016

Friction

121

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“…These composites improve the tribological properties compared to unreinforced materials or reinforced with non-carbon particles. Self-lubrication defined as the material ability to transfer deposited solid lubricants, for example, graphite in the contact tribosurfaces to reduce the friction coefficient and rate of wear because the graphite material behaves as a solid lubricant [13], [16]- [18]. The damaging influence of graphite particles on mechanical properties of composites is the main challenge in fabrication nickelgraphite composites in industrial components due to the nature of graphite is brittle compared to nickel and its alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, using hybrid nickel metal matrix composites, including ceramic particles as well as graphite material gives better both tribological performance and other mechanical properties compared to nickelgraphite composites. In these hybrid composites, ceramic particles possess the load-bearing ability, and graphite particles act as a solid lubricant, which leads to decrease in wear rate and improve the mechanical properties at the same time [16], [17]. Therefore, this study aims to investigate adding graphite particles on the nickel -5 vol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of graphite particles on physical and mechanical properties of nickel matrix composite

Hammood

Mahmood

Irhayyim

2019

PEN

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The composite materials have effective properties and characteristics for use in most modern and important applications such as space and transportation applications, especially in internal combustion engines as well as applications and marine industries. In this study, Nickel-5 vol.% Zirconium dioxide composites with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 vol. % of graphite particles are prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The samples are pressed at 900 MPa for 1 min after mixing the hybrid composite powders for 15 min by using a mechanical mixer, followed by sintering at 1160 oC for 3 hours. The hybrid composites are characterized by using an optical microscope. The wear test under dry sliding conditions was performed under various loads of 5, 10, 15 and 20 Newton and at a fixed sliding distance of around 1810 m. It is found that increasing graphite content results decrease in bulk and apparent densities in contrast with total porosity, apparent porosity, and water absorption. Alternatively, the increasing volume fraction of graphite particles improves the micro-hardness, diametral compressive strength and wear resistance till an optimum value up to 4 %, then severely reduction is observed. Whereas the wear resistance decreased by increasing the applied loads for all reinforcement content. The results, in conclusion, reveal that the hybrid composites at 4 % graphite particles relatively have high mechanical and wear properties, and it could be considered a suitable because of high corrosion resistance in our daily life applications.

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“…All these advantages found in solid lubricant reinforced aluminum matrix composites have led to an increase in the interest in Al/Gr self-lubricating composites [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Self-lubrication in graphite containing aluminum alloys is the ability of materials to transfer embedded solid lubricant particles [20,25], such as graphite [23, to the contact surface during sliding and form a continuous graphite rich layer leading to a decrease in the wear rate and COF even in the absence of external lubricants [18,34,36,48]. The incorporation of solid lubricant particles, such as graphite particles, in aluminum metal matrices reduce the COF and wear rate and may allow the components to be operated with limited or no lubrication conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of graphite particles on improving tribological properties Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite self-lubricating composite under fully flooded and starved lubrication conditions for transportation applications

Omrani

Moghadam

Algazzar

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The piston ring and cylinder liner materials encounter challenges under limited lubricated conditions leading to high friction and wear. Although, several materials, from cast iron to composite materials, have been proposed in the past, these materials still exhibit poor tribological properties under limited lubricated conditions and there is a need to develop materials that show enhanced tribological properties under limited lubricated conditions. Hence, in the present investigation, Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite composite was successfully synthesized as a substitute material for steel in piston ring materials. Different tribometers were used to analyze the tribological properties of aluminum composite reinforced by graphite and steel specimens in lubrication condition and limited lubricated conditions. Under limited lubrication conditions, steel specimen showed higher coefficient of friction (COF) than the Al16Si-5Ni-5Graphite specimen. Besides, the steel specimen exhibited an increase in COF with increasing applied normal load, while the Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite showed reduction in COF with increasing applied normal load. The value of COF and acoustic emission (AE) for steel was constant at lower range of normal loads up to 705 N and thereafter, a sudden increase in both COF and AE signal was observed. On the other hand, Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite composite did not exhibit any variations in COF and AE even beyond the transition load of 750 N and remained constant up to the normal load of 990 N. Such trend of results suggested that the Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite composite showed superior tribological performance when compared to steel under limited or boundary lubrication conditions. In addition, results show that composite has good tribological properties under limited lubricated conditions due to presence of graphite particles in the composites that graphite particles act as solid lubricant on worn surfaces.

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Influences of graphite reinforcement on the tribological properties of self-lubricating aluminum matrix composites for green tribology, sustainability, and energy efficiency—a review

Cited by 150 publications

References 130 publications

Fabrication characteristics and tribological behavior of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid aluminum matrix composites: A review

Fabrication characteristics and tribological behavior of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid aluminum matrix composites: A review

Effect of graphite particles on physical and mechanical properties of nickel matrix composite

Effect of graphite particles on improving tribological properties Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite self-lubricating composite under fully flooded and starved lubrication conditions for transportation applications

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