The use of microneedles (MNs), an innovative transdermal
technology,
enables efficient, convenient, painless, and controlled-release drug
delivery. Porous microneedles (pMNs), special MNs with abundant interconnected
pores that can produce capillary action, are gaining increasing attention
as a novel MNs technology. pMNs can actively adsorb bioactive ingredients
from solutions of drugs or vaccines for in vivo delivery or from interstitial
skin fluids (ISFs) for wearable and point-of-care testing (POCT) products.
Different pore sizes and porosities of pMNs can be achieved with different
materials and preparation processes, which makes the application of
pMNs adaptable to multiple scenarios. In addition, easier and faster
detection will be accomplished by the smart combination of pMNs with
other detection technologies. This paper aims to summarize the recent
research progress of pMNs, focusing on the influence of various materials
and their corresponding preparation methods on its structure and function
display, discussing the key issues and looking forward to the future
development.