Influences of Taurine Pharmacodynamics and Sex on Active Avoidance Learning and Memory

Zhu, Wei; Cruz, George B; Ayaz, Zaid; Joseph, Jewel N; Boby, Akil; Cadet, Patrick; Neuwirth, Lorenz S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_36

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…These differences in the glucose metabolism and muscle enzyme levels in response to taurine in avians suggest that the AMS may need to be reevaluated for its utility as a preclinical model for medical diseases. In recent years, a new body of research is being reported on a broad range of taurine therapeutics and bioenergetics in regulating: oligodendrocytes in neuropathophysiological conditions [25], bioenergetics of the mitochondria in the brain [26], neuroprotection in aged rats [27], how the brain responds to stress and posttraumatic stress disorderlike symptoms in rats [28], recovering frontoexecutive functions and anxiety-like behaviors in lead poisoned rats [29][30][31][32][33][34][35], mitigating against brain excitability and epilepsy [36], to bioenergetic adaptations in skeletal muscle function [37], its ability to influence motor learning following oral supplementation [38], its sex-dependent influences on rat's active avoidance learning processes [39], the way rats respond to resistance training [40] and even in humans in runner adaptations to running trails [41] and improving power during severe and intense exercise [42]. This rich emerging literature will certainly guide the field in next approaches to improving our understanding of the tradeoffs between taurine bioenergetics and therapeutics across different model systems [43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine Supplementation for 48-Months Improved Glucose Tolerance and Changed ATP-Related Enzymes in Avians

Neuwirth,

Gökhan,

Kaye

et al. 2023

Pharmacology

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Avians differ from mammals, especially in brain architecture and metabolism. Taurine, an amino acid basic to metabolism and bioenergetics, has been shown to have remarkable effects on metabolic syndrome and ameliorating oxidative stress reactions across species. However, less is known regarding these metabolic relationships in the avian model. The present study serves as a preliminary report that examined how taurine might affect avian metabolism in an aged model system. Two groups of pigeons (Columba livia) of mixed sex, a control group and a group that received 48 months of taurine supplementation (0.05% w/v) in their drinking water, were compared by using blood panels drawn from their basilic vein by a licensed veterinarian. From the blood panel data, taurine treatment generated higher levels of three ATP-related enzymes: glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK). In this preliminary study, the role that taurine treatment might play in the adult aged pigeon’s metabolism on conserved traits such as augmenting insulin production as well as non-conserved traits maintaining high levels of ATP-related enzymes was examined. It was found that taurine treatment influenced the avian glucose metabolism similar to mammals but differentially effected avian ATP-related enzymes in a unique way (i.e., ∼×2 increase in CK and LDH with a nearly ×4 increase in GLDH). Notably, long-term supplementation with taurine had no negative effect on parameters of lipid and protein metabolism nor liver enzymes. The preliminary study suggests that avians may serve as a unique model system for investigating taurine metabolism across aging with long-term health implications (e.g., hyperinsulinemia). However, the suitability of using the model would require researchers to tightly control for age, sex, dietary intake, and exercise conditions as laboratory-housed avian present with very different metabolic panels than free-flight avians, and their metabolic profile may not correlate one-to-one with mammalian data.

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