Influencing factors of anxiety and depression of discharged COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China

Abstract

Objectives This study is intended to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and been discharged from hospital (RD hereafter) in Wuhan, China, and to explore the factors associated with these mental disorders. Methods Participants of this study were the RD who were infected at the beginning of the outbreak from 13 communities in Jianghan District of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China by convenience sampling in mid-2021. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Short Version of COVID-19 Stigma Scale, the Peace of Mind Scale, the Resilience Style Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire were used to collect relevant information of the participants. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to describe and analyze the data and to examine the factors associated with the mental health status of this population. Results In total, we recruited 1601 participants from 3059 COVID-19 patients, and 1541 participants completed the questionnaire survey, with a response rate of 96.25%. Finally, 1297 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study, of whom 28.8% and 37.9% reported mild to severe levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. Perceived better mental health status during hospitalization, higher frequency of alcohol use per week, peace of mind, higher education level, and resilience were negatively associated with anxiety, while stigma and history of psychological or emotional counseling before infection was positively associated with anxiety. More severe clinical classification of COVID-19 and stigma (AOR = 1.057, P<0.001) were both positively associated with depression, while perceived better mental health status during hospitalization (AOR = 0.564, P<0.001), higher frequency of alcohol use per week (AOR = 0.462, P = 0.004), peace of mind (AOR = 0.857, P<0.001), and social support (AOR = 0.972, P = 0.034) were negatively associated with depression. Conclusions Tailored interventions on reducing stigma, enhancing mindfulness and social support should be taken into account to alleviate anxiety and depression among RD.

Factors Predicting Health‐Related Quality of Life in Post-COVID Patients: A cross-sectional study

“…According to Dai et al, social support was found to be negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stigmatization in COVID-19 survivors after hospital discharge with statistical signi cance. 50 Thus, higher social support reduced depression, anxiety, and stigma.…”

Perceived stigma among discharged patients of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A latent profile analysis

“…Although our team have analyzed the same population in advance and explored the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression in RD ( 80 ), a further analysis in this study provided insightful observations from a different perspective. This study enriched our knowledge on the association between mental health and perceived stigma among RD, and provided possible suggestions for the authorities and the society to reduce perceived COVID-19 stigma in the future.…”

Resilience and social support improve mental health and quality of life in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome

“…Cohort studies suggest that negative consequences of post-COVID-19 syndrome on patients’ quality of life and mental health remains even a year after the infection (Kim et al, 2022; Tabacof et al, 2022). Several studies including COVID-19 patients found that high social support had a negative association with anxiety and depression symptoms (Dai et al, 2022; Hosseini Largani et al, 2022; Kandeğer et al, 2021). Moreover, social support positively affected COVID-19 patients’ quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic (Kesuma et al, 2022; Moodi et al, 2022).…”