Influencing Factors of Spatial Heterogeneity of Land Surface Temperature in Nanjing, China

Abstract

The environment and climate significantly affect the land surface temperature (LST) of a city. Previous studies have revealed that LST exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity primarily caused by a combination of natural factors and human activities. Based on this, the introduction of point of interest data of the "production-living-ecological space" divides the influencing pattern into a comprehensive description of human activities supplemented by natural factors, resulting in the precise influencing factors of spatial heterogeneity of LST. Taking Nanjing (Jiangsu Province, China) as a case study, this study uses Landsat-8 remote sensing images, point of interest data, and other data to establish a geographically weighted regression model that combines natural factors and human activities. The main research results are as follows: (1) The LST of Nanjing ranged from 19.9 °C to 47.6 °C, whereas the distribution trend was "low at both ends and high in the middle." (2) There is no multicollinearity of the influencing factors, the fitting degree of LST and each influencing factor reached 0.87. The regression coefficients were high and exhibited both positive and negative values, implying that spatial heterogeneity exists among the influencing factors and LST. (3) The ranking of how all factors influence the LST followed the order of water area > forest and grassland > ecological space > slope > production space > elevation > living space. The research results have practical significance for improving the quality of life of urban residents and providing a critical theoretical basis for optimizing urban human settlements. Index Terms-Land surface temperature, geographically weighted regression, spatial heterogeneity, human settlements, Nanjing I. INTRODUCTION N April 2020, the World Meteorological Organization released the Report on the State of the Global Climate in 2015−2019, highlighting that the global average temperature in 2019 was 1.1 °C higher than the estimated pre-industrialization average temperature. Moreover, the temperatures in the past five years had been the highest since the establishment of a temperature record. Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China till 2019, the Chinese urban population has increased from 57.65 million to 848.43 million, with the national urban proportion increasing from 10.64% to 60.60%.Due to the rising urban population, large amounts of greenhouse gases have been released into the atmosphere; additionally, vegetation, water bodies, and other natural features have been degraded by construction [1] , thereby changing the land surface temperature (LST). Research has revealed that LST can potentially indicate the ecological Manuscript

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