Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK

Nicoli, Emily; Trotter, Caroline; Turner, Katherine Mary Elizabeth; Colijn, Caroline; Waight, Pauline; Miller, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2013.02.007

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As IPD notifications already tend to show a broader yearly peak than ILI, we would not expect the association between influenza and IPD to become stronger. RSV likely affects proportionately more children (95%, see 20), so we do not expect a strong association between RSV and IPD in the elderly. Interestingly, Watson et al found only an interaction between combined influenza and RSV notifications and IPD in the whole population, while the association between RSV notifications only and IPD in children was significant 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…This Canadian study finds that influenza notifications Granger‐cause IPD, consistent with our observed lagged relation by plain cross‐correlation analysis, but yearly phase and amplitude terms of the fitted sine waves to the two time series were not correlated19—paralleling our result that (pre‐whitened) residuals were not correlated. Actually, most studies not correcting for autocorrelation report a temporal association between either influenza and/or RSV with IPD incidence 5, 18, 20, 25, 28, 29. Strikingly, the study in children up to 16 years of age by Toschke et al., taking into account temporal autocorrelation, showed no association between influenza outbreaks and invasive pneumococcal infection 27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…RSV and IPD are associated in infants/children,5, 17, 26, 29, 30 and influenza and IPD in the elderly 26, 28, 30. The strongest associations between respiratory viruses and pneumococcal disease occur among the older age groups 18, 20, 22, 26. We could not analyse RSV nor influenza incidence: routine virological testing in the Netherlands, carried out only on sampled ILI patients, gives insufficient power for a time‐series analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histopathological studies in deceased and severe human influenza cases during a pandemic outbreak14, 15, 16 attribute a substantial fraction of influenza deaths to secondary pneumococcal infection. The strength of the interaction between influenza or influenza‐like illness (ILI) and IPD at population level, however, varies across studies from non‐existent to significant 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Studies looking at specific respiratory viruses also showed inconsistent results 5, 28, 29, 30.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal cross‐correlation between influenza‐like illnesses and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Netherlands

Hendriks

Boshuizen

Dekkers

et al. 2017

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundWhile the burden of community‐acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is still considerable, there is little insight in the factors contributing to disease. Previous research on the lagged relationship between respiratory viruses and pneumococcal disease incidence is inconclusive, and studies correcting for temporal autocorrelation are lacking.ObjectivesTo investigate the temporal relation between influenza‐like illnesses (ILI) and IPD, correcting for temporal autocorrelation.MethodsWeekly counts of ILI were obtained from the Sentinel Practices of NIVEL Primary Care Database. IPD data were collected from the Dutch laboratory‐based surveillance system for bacterial meningitis from 2004 to 2014. We analysed the correlation between time series, pre‐whitening the dependent time series with the best‐fit seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to the independent time series. We performed cross‐correlations between ILI and IPD incidences, and the (pre‐whitened) residuals, in the overall population and in the elderly.ResultsWe found significant cross‐correlations between ILI and IPD incidences peaking at lags ‐3 overall and at 1 week in the 65+ population. However, after pre‐whitening, no cross‐correlations were apparent in either population group.ConclusionOur study suggests that ILI occurrence does not seem to be the major driver of IPD incidence in The Netherlands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Temporal cross‐correlation between influenza‐like illnesses and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Netherlands

Hendriks

Boshuizen

Dekkers

et al. 2017

Influenza Resp Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2–5 However, quantifying the burden of pneumonia attributable to influenza on a population level is challenging. 6 Both influenza and pneumonia incidences peak in winter months, 7–10 but several other factors may contribute to this temporal association between influenza and pneumonia, including activity of other respiratory viruses during the winter, 11,12 environmental factors such as cold temperatures and decreased daylight in the winter, 13 and increased person-to-person contact during the winter holidays. 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The high burden of pneumonia on US emergency departments during the 2009 influenza pandemic

Self¹,

Griffin²,

Zhu³

et al. 2014

Journal of Infection

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SUMMARY Objectives During the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, unusual influenza activity outside the typical winter season provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the association between influenza and pneumonia incidence. We sought to quantify the impact of the 2009 pandemic on the incidence of emergency department (ED) visits for pneumonia in the United States (US). Methods Using the Nationwide Emergency Department Survey, we estimated monthly counts and rates of excess all-cause pneumonia ED visits in the US attributable to the pandemic by comparing observed pneumonia ED visits during the pandemic (April 2009–March 2010) to expected values modeled from the three prior years. Results The pandemic was associated with an excess of 180,560 pneumonia ED visits or 0.59 excess pneumonia visits per 1,000 US population (95% confidence interval: 0.55, 0.62). These excess visits accounted for 7.0% of all pneumonia ED visits during the pandemic year. The greatest excess occurred during months with highest influenza activity (September - November 2009). Persons aged <65 years accounted for 94% of the excess pneumonia visits. Conclusions ED visits for pneumonia increased substantially during the 2009 pandemic, especially during peak influenza activity, suggesting a strong association between influenza activity and pneumonia incidence during the pandemic period.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults: An Under-Recognized Problem

2015

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus and member of the Paramyxoviridae family of the genus Pneumovirus that was first reported as a major pathogen in pediatric populations. However, since its discovery, RSV has not infrequently been detected in adults. Reinfection occurs throughout life, with more severe disease occurring in older adults, immunocompromised patients, and those with underlying cardiopulmonary disease. Initially described as the cause of nursing home outbreaks of respiratory disease, there is a now significant body of literature describing the clinical importance of RSV in older adults in a multitude of settings including long-term care, adult daycares, and in community-dwelling adults. Moreover, recent reports from China and other countries emphasize that RSV is a global pathogen that will become increasingly important in developed nations with aging populations. Annual attack rates in the USA range from 2 to 10% in community-dwelling older adults and 5-10% in older adults living in congregate settings. Population-based calculations of the proportion of acute respiratory illnesses attributable to RSV estimate that 11,000 elderly persons die annually in the USA of illnesses related to RSV infection. Clinical manifestations of RSV infections are similar to that of other viral respiratory pathogens and include cough, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, and dyspnea. Lower respiratory tract disease is common and may result in respiratory failure (8-13%) or death (2-5%). Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have made it possible to rapidly identify RSV infection using nucleic acid amplification tests, although clinicians will need to suspect the diagnosis when viral activity is high. At the present time, treatment is supportive. Effective antiviral agents for the treatment and vaccines for prevention of RSV remain a significant unmet medical need in the older adult population.

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Influenza and RSV make a modest contribution to invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in the UK

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Temporal cross‐correlation between influenza‐like illnesses and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Netherlands

Temporal cross‐correlation between influenza‐like illnesses and invasive pneumococcal disease in The Netherlands

The high burden of pneumonia on US emergency departments during the 2009 influenza pandemic

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults: An Under-Recognized Problem

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