Influenza C virus in the United Kingdom

Chakraverty, P.; Adhami, Z. N.; Wise, R.; Matthews, Roger

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(84)92733-6

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As noted above, seroepidemiology shows that the majority of primary ICV infection occurs during early childhood. An early study from Japan noted most patients were around one year old [12], while reports from the UK detected ICV almost exclusively in children [11,90]. A Japanese longitudinal study of 190 ICV isolates collected over seven years found that nearly all were <6 years old, with the highest rates of infection in children 1-2 years old [60].…”

Section: Icv In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus

Sederdahl

Williams

2020

Viruses

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Influenza C virus (ICV) is a common yet under-recognized cause of acute respiratory illness. ICV seropositivity has been found to be as high as 90% by 7-10 years of age, suggesting that most people are exposed to ICV at least once during childhood. Due to difficulty detecting ICV by cell culture, epidemiologic studies of ICV likely have underestimated the burden of ICV infection and disease. Recent development of highly sensitive RT-PCR has facilitated epidemiologic studies that provide further insights into the prevalence, seasonality, and course of ICV infection. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of ICV.

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Section: Icv In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus

Sederdahl

Williams

2020

Viruses

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“…ICV co-infections with influenza A and B types also occur and were reported as early as 1951 [17,54]. During 1950-1960, ICV infections were reported from different parts of Eurasia [15,17,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60] in children and also in adults aged 45-69 years [17]. Similar to A and B influenza types, fatal cases of ICV infections complicated with Staphylococcus aureus in adults were also reported, which is also the first reported ICV case from the UK [16].…”

Section: Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A clinical study of a small outbreak of ICV during November-December 1978, among employees, demonstrated that ICV illness involved muscle aches, fever, headaches which is clinically indistinguishable from IAV, and ICV patients took longer to recover compared with employees with IAV infections [105]. However, clinical manifestations of ICV in children are reported to have more variable outcomes from upper and lower respiratory infections (cough, rhinitis, wheeziness without temperature, respiratory distress) to encephalopathy [56,118]. A follow-up study of ICV in children in March 1981, showed that four secondary and two tertiary infections had occurred in two years of survey time.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestations/pathobiology Of Icv and Idv In Princ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Range, Biology, and Species Specificity of Seven-Segmented Influenza Viruses—A Comparative Review on Influenza C and D

et al. 2021

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Other than genome structure, influenza C (ICV), and D (IDV) viruses with seven-segmented genomes are biologically different from the eight-segmented influenza A (IAV), and B (IBV) viruses concerning the presence of hemagglutinin–esterase fusion protein, which combines the function of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase responsible for receptor-binding, fusion, and receptor-destroying enzymatic activities, respectively. Whereas ICV with humans as primary hosts emerged nearly 74 years ago, IDV, a distant relative of ICV, was isolated in 2011, with bovines as the primary host. Despite its initial emergence in swine, IDV has turned out to be a transboundary bovine pathogen and a broader host range, similar to influenza A viruses (IAV). The receptor specificities of ICV and IDV determine the host range and the species specificity. The recent findings of the presence of the IDV genome in the human respiratory sample, and high traffic human environments indicate its public health significance. Conversely, the presence of ICV in pigs and cattle also raises the possibility of gene segment interactions/virus reassortment between ICV and IDV where these viruses co-exist. This review is a holistic approach to discuss the ecology of seven-segmented influenza viruses by focusing on what is known so far on the host range, seroepidemiology, biology, receptor, phylodynamics, species specificity, and cross-species transmission of the ICV and IDV.

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Influenza in Man

Kilbourne

1987

Influenza

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Influenza C virus in the United Kingdom

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus

Host Range, Biology, and Species Specificity of Seven-Segmented Influenza Viruses—A Comparative Review on Influenza C and D

Influenza in Man

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