Influenza-like Illness in Households with Children of Preschool Age

Mughini‐Gras, Lapo; Pijnacker, Roan; Enserink, Remko; Heusinkveld, Moniek; Hoek, Wim van der; Pelt, Wilfrid van

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000988

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This result seems, at first, particularly surprising, when thinking about the significant role children play in the spread of ILI. Mughini et al [ 34 ] performed a survey analysis on ILI in families with children younger than 4 years, results showed that parents of ILI-affected children had a concurrent 4-fold higher ILI risk. The small statistical difference in children population between boroughs with low and high ILI rates (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the link between public transport use and airborne transmission: mobility and contagion in the London underground

2018

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BackgroundThe transmission of infectious diseases is dependent on the amount and nature of contacts between infectious and healthy individuals. Confined and crowded environments that people visit in their day-to-day life (such as town squares, business districts, transport hubs, etc) can act as hot-spots for spreading disease. In this study we explore the link between the use of public transport and the spread of airborne infections in urban environments.MethodsWe study a large number of journeys on the London Underground, which is known to be particularly crowded at certain times. We use publically available Oyster card data (the electronic ticket used for public transport in Greater London), to infer passengers’ routes on the underground network. In order to estimate the spread of a generic airborne disease in each station, we use and extend an analytical microscopic model that was initially designed to study people moving in a corridor.ResultsComparing our results with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) data collected by Public Health England (PHE) in London boroughs, shows a correlation between the use of public transport and the spread of ILI. Specifically, we show that passengers departing from boroughs with higher ILI rates have higher number of contacts when travelling on the underground. Moreover, by comparing our results with other demographic key factors, we are able to discuss the role that the Underground plays in the spread of airborne infections in the English capital.ConclusionsOur study suggests a link between public transport use and infectious diseases transmission and encourages further research into that area. Results could be used to inform the development of non-pharmacological interventions that can act on preventing instead of curing infections and are, potentially, more cost-effective.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the link between public transport use and airborne transmission: mobility and contagion in the London underground

2018

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“…In addition, we were not able to adjust for exposure to all possible sources of infection during the study. For example, people with young children may be at higher risk for ILI/ARI episodes (29), but we did not have information on household composition. However, adjustment for age may have partly accounted for this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift Work and Respiratory Infections in Health-Care Workers

Loef

Baarle

Beek

et al. 2018

American Journal of Epidemiology

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Recently, there has been interest in whether shift work may enhance susceptibility to infection. Our aim was to determine whether shift workers in the health-care field have a higher incidence, duration, and/or severity of influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) than non–shift workers. From September 2016 to June 2017, 501 rotating and/or night-shift workers and 88 non–shift workers from the Klokwerk+ Study (the Netherlands, 2016–2017) registered the occurrence of ILI/ARI symptoms daily using a smartphone application. The incidence rate of ILI/ARI (defined as ≥2 symptoms on the same day/≥1 symptom on 2 consecutive days), the mean duration of each episode, and the incidence rate of severe episodes were compared between shift workers and non–shift workers using negative binomial regression and linear mixed-model analysis. In total, participants completed 110,347 diaries. Shift workers’ incidence rate of ILI/ARI was 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.43) times higher than that of non–shift workers, and for severe ILI/ARI episodes, shift workers’ incidence rate was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) times higher. The mean duration of an ILI/ARI episode did not differ (ratio between means = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.19). In conclusion, shift workers in health care had more ILI/ARI episodes and more severe ILI/ARI episodes than non–shift workers, but with a similar duration. Insight into underlying mechanisms connecting shift work and infection susceptibility will contribute to the design of preventive initiatives.

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“…The societal burden of AGE was expressed as incidence, episodes/person-year (calculated as [365/28] × [4-weekly incidence proportion]) 3 5 32 , medical care (general practitioner [GP] visits and hospitalizations), work and DCC days missed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questionnaire was developed by expanding those used in previous population-based studies in the Netherlands 3 28 30 31 32 . Questions covered the prior four weeks and focused on household characteristics, DCC attendance, chronic diseases, medications, symptoms, medical care, absenteeism from work and from DCC, occupation, contact with animals, leisure activities, and eating habits ( Supplementary Table S1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal Burden and Correlates of Acute Gastroenteritis in Families with Preschool Children

Mughini‐Gras

Pijnacker

Heusinkveld

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Gastrointestinal infection morbidity remains high amongst preschool children in developed countries. We investigated the societal burden (incidence, healthcare utilization, and productivity loss) and correlates of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in families with preschoolers. Monthly for 25 months, 2000 families reported AGE symptoms and related care, productivity loss, and risk exposures for one preschooler and one parent. Amongst 8768 child-parent pairs enrolled, 7.3% parents and 17.4% children experienced AGE (0.95 episodes/parent-year and 2.25 episodes/child-year). Healthcare utilization was 18.3% (children) and 8.6% (parents), with 1.6% children hospitalized. Work absenteeism was 55.6% (median 1.5 days) and day-care absenteeism was 26.2% (median 1 day). Besides chronic enteropathies, antacid use, non-breastfeeding, and toddling age, risk factors for childhood AGE were having developmental disabilities, parental occupation in healthcare, multiple siblings, single-parent families, and ≤12-month day-care attendance. Risk factors for parental AGE were female gender, having multiple or developmentally-disabled day-care-attending children, antimicrobial use, and poor food-handling practices. Parents of AGE-affected children had a concurrent 4-fold increased AGE risk. We concluded that AGE-causing agents spread widely in families with preschool children, causing high healthcare-seeking behaviours and productivity losses. Modifiable risk factors provide targets for AGE-reducing initiatives. Children may acquire some immunity to AGE after one year of day-care attendance.

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Influenza-like Illness in Households with Children of Preschool Age

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Analysing the link between public transport use and airborne transmission: mobility and contagion in the London underground

Analysing the link between public transport use and airborne transmission: mobility and contagion in the London underground

Shift Work and Respiratory Infections in Health-Care Workers

Societal Burden and Correlates of Acute Gastroenteritis in Families with Preschool Children

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