Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness for Fully and Partially Vaccinated Children 6 Months to 8 Years Old During 2011–2012 and 2012–2013

Thompson, Mark G.; Clippard, Jessie; Petrie, Joshua G.; Jackson, Michael L.; McLean, Huong Q.; Gaglani, Manjusha; Reis, Evelyn Cohen; Flannery, Brendan; Monto, Arnold S.; Jackson, Lisa A.; Belongia, Edward A.; Murthy, Kempapura; Zimmerman, Richard K.; Thaker, Swathi; Fry, Alicia M.

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001006

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The 27 included studies captured influenza seasons between 2004–2005 and 2014–2015, with most reporting estimates for the 2010–2011 to 2014–2015 seasons (Table 1 ). One study was from the southern hemisphere [ 33 ], one was restricted to pregnant women [ 36 ], and two were in pediatric populations [ 17 , 35 ]. Most studies featured outpatient data, but two used inpatient data only [ 25 , 38 ] and two used data from both settings [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All except one [ 26 ] of our included test-negative design studies were deemed to be at low risk of bias, and all included calendar time in their adjusted models [ 6 – 8 , 15 , 16 , 18 – 21 , 24 , 25 , 27 – 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 38 ]. The remaining case-control studies were also categorized as being at low risk of bias [ 17 , 36 ], as were all the included cohort studies [ 22 , 23 , 32 , 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED ARTICLE:The impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramsay

Buchan

Stirling

et al. 2017

BMC Med

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BackgroundConflicting results regarding the impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) may cause confusion regarding the benefits of receiving the current season’s vaccine.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from database inception to August 17, 2016, for observational studies published in English that reported VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza for four vaccination groups, namely current season only, prior season only, both seasons, and neither season. We pooled differences in VE (∆VE) between vaccination groups by influenza season and type/subtype using a random effects model. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42016037241).ResultsWe identified 3435 unique articles, reviewed the full text of 634, and included 20 for meta-analysis. Compared to prior season vaccination only, vaccination in both seasons was associated with greater protection against influenza H1N1 (∆VE = 26%; 95% CI, 15% to 36%) and B (∆VE = 24%; 95% CI, 7% to 42%), but not H3N2 (∆VE = 10%; 95% CI, –6% to 25%). Compared to no vaccination for either season, individuals who received the current season’s vaccine had greater protection against H1N1 (∆VE = 61%; 95% CI, 50% to 70%), H3N2 (∆VE = 41%; 95% CI, 33% to 48%), and B (∆VE = 62%; 95% CI, 54% to 68%). We observed no differences in VE between vaccination in both seasons and the current season only for H1N1 (∆VE = 4%; 95% CI, –7% to 15%), H3N2 (∆VE = –12%; 95% CI, –27% to 4%), or B (∆VE = –8%; 95% CI, –17% to 1%).ConclusionsFrom the patient perspective, our results support current season vaccination regardless of prior season vaccination. We found no overall evidence that prior season vaccination negatively impacts current season VE. It is important that future VE studies include vaccination history over multiple seasons in order to evaluate repeated vaccination in more detail.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0919-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE:The impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramsay

Buchan

Stirling

et al. 2017

BMC Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We found higher VE against A/H3N2 in partially vaccinated children relative to those fully vaccinated, which is consistent with previous work [ 6 , 37 ]. This may be because children are defined as fully vaccinated either through receipt of two doses in their first season or one dose if they had been vaccinated in any prior season.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…We tested for a difference in VE between fully and partially vaccinated children by calculating the odds ratio with those partially vaccinated as our reference [ 6 ]. We performed subgroup analyses by season, subtype, age group, sex, presence of a CCC, and time within season.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contrasted with their results from the prior season when A/H3N2 dominated and VE was higher for those vaccinated in the current season only [ 5 ]. Thompson et al examined this phenomenon in children younger than 8 years of age in 2012–13 and found similar VE estimates for those vaccinated in the current season only and those vaccinated in both the prior and current seasons [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among young children during the 2010-11 to 2013-14 influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2017

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Uncertainty remains regarding the magnitude of effectiveness of influenza vaccines for preventing serious outcomes, especially among young children. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among children aged 6–59 months. We used the test-negative design in hospitalized children in Ontario, Canada during the 2010–11 to 2013–14 influenza seasons. We used logistic regression models adjusted for age, season, and time within season to calculate VE estimates by vaccination status (full vs. partial), age group, and influenza season. We also assessed VE incorporating prior history of influenza vaccination. We included specimens from 9,982 patient hospitalization episodes over four seasons, with 12.8% testing positive for influenza. We observed variation in VE by vaccination status, age group, and influenza season. For the four seasons combined, VE was 60% (95%CI, 44%-72%) for full vaccination and 39% (95%CI, 17%-56%) for partial vaccination. VE for full vaccination was 67% (95%CI, 48%-79%) for children aged 24–59 months, 48% (95%CI, 12%-69%) for children aged 6–23 months, 77% (95%CI, 47%-90%) for 2010–11, 59% (95%CI, 13%-81%) for 2011–12, 33% (95%CI, –18% to 62%) for 2012–13, and 72% (95%CI, 42%-86%) for 2013–14. VE in children aged 24–59 months appeared similar between those vaccinated in both the current and previous seasons and those vaccinated in the current season only, with the exception of 2012–13, when VE was lower for those vaccinated in the current season only. Influenza vaccination is effective in preventing pediatric laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations during most seasons.

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Association of Prior Vaccination With Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Children Receiving Live Attenuated or Inactivated Vaccine

et al. 2018

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IMPORTANCE Some studies have reported negative effects of prior-season influenza vaccination.Prior-season influenza vaccination effects on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in children are not well understood.OBJECTIVE To assess the association of prior-season influenza vaccination with subsequent VE in children aged 2 to 17 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multiseason, test-negative case-control study wasconducted in outpatient clinics at 4 US sites among children aged 2 to 17 years with a medically attended febrile acute respiratory illness. Participants were recruited during the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 seasons when influenza circulated locally. Cases were children with influenza confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Test-negative control individuals were children with negative test results for influenza. EXPOSURES Vaccination history, including influenza vaccine type received in the enrollment season (live attenuated influenza vaccine [LAIV], inactivated influenza vaccine [IIV], or no vaccine) and season before enrollment (LAIV, IIV, or no vaccine), determined from medical records and immunization registries. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES LAIV and IIV effectiveness by influenza type and subtype (influenza A[H1N1]pdm09, influenza A[H3N2], or influenza B), estimated as 100 × (1 − odds ratio) in a logistic regression model with adjustment for potential confounders. Prior season vaccination associations were assessed with an interaction term. RESULTSOf 3369 children (1749 [52%] male; median age, 6.6 years [range, 2-17 years]) included in the analysis, 772 (23%) had a positive test result for influenza and 1674 (50%) were vaccinated in the enrollment season. Among LAIV recipients, VE against influenza A(H3N2) was higher among children vaccinated in both the enrollment and 1 prior season (50.3% [95% CI, 17.0% to 70.2%]) than among those without 1 prior season vaccination (−82.4% [95% CI, −267.5% to 9.5%], interaction P < .001). The effectiveness of LAIV against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was not associated with prior season vaccination among those with prior season vaccination (47.5% [95% CI, 11.4% to 68.9%]) and among those without prior season vaccination (7.8% [95% CI, −101.9% to 57.9%]) (interaction P = .37). Prior season vaccination was not associated with effectiveness of IIV against influenza A(H3N2) (38.7% [95% CI, 6.8% to 59.6%] among those with prior-season vaccination and 23.2% [95% CI, −38.3% to 57.4%] among those without prior-season vaccination, interaction P = .16) or with effectiveness of IIV against influenza A[H1N1]pdm09 (72.4% [95% CI, 56.0% to 82.7%] among(continued) Key Points Question Is prior-season vaccination associated with vaccine effectiveness by type in children aged 2 to 17 years? Findings In this multiseason, testnegative case-control study, live attenuated influenza vaccine effectiveness was higher in children vaccinated in both the enrollment and prior season compared with those vaccinated only in the enrollment season. Prior-season vaccination was...

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Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness for Fully and Partially Vaccinated Children 6 Months to 8 Years Old During 2011–2012 and 2012–2013

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE:The impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

RETRACTED ARTICLE:The impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among young children during the 2010-11 to 2013-14 influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada

Association of Prior Vaccination With Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Children Receiving Live Attenuated or Inactivated Vaccine

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