Informal Irrigation in the Colombian Andes: Local Practices, National Agendas, and Options for Innovation

Gutiérrez-Malaxechebarría, Alvaro-Martín

doi:10.1659/mrd-journal-d-12-00116.1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Partiendo de la información suministrada en la Tabla 2 sobre la frecuencia de la variable situación legal es posible identificar que 89% (259 observaciones) de las captaciones se desarrolla ilegalmente, ofreciendo el mismo panorama que el sugerido por Gutiérrez (2013) para los sistemas de riego del país, donde la mayor parte son informales. Sin embargo, los resultados presentados no consideran las 2019, Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncsa/4.0/) diferencias entre los modos de adquisición que Rivera et al (2016) sugieren tener en cuenta, debido a la escala en que se efectuó este trabajo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Caracterización de usos del recurso hídrico en el Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia

Casallas-Garzón

Gutiérrez-Malaxechebarría

2019

Tecnol. cienc. agua

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ResumenEl 12.8% de la superficie de Colombia corresponde a áreas naturales protegidas, pertenecientes al Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales. Dentro de éstas se desarrollan actividades antrópicas que utilizan agua dulce. Se presenta la primera caracterización del uso y aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico al interior de tales áreas protegidas, mediante la cual se pretende establecer la relación entre el estado y la gestión del recurso y las zonas de estudio, teniendo en cuenta la presión ejercida sobre las fuentes hídricas en cuestión, considerando la dualidad ofertademanda de las mismas. Se obtuvo información de 22 variables cualitativas y cuatro variables cuantitativas del total de áreas protegidas continentales de Colombia; se trataron a través de un análisis de correspondencias múltiples, que incorpora aspectos geográficos, ambientales y estructurales. El estudio revela, entre otros aspectos, que si bien hay diferencias entre cada región del país, actualmente casi 88%

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Caracterización de usos del recurso hídrico en el Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia

Casallas-Garzón

Gutiérrez-Malaxechebarría

2019

Tecnol. cienc. agua

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“…Smallholder irrigation can be classified as either 'formal' or 'informal'. Formal irrigation systems are public or private projects that have been developed with universally accepted technical standards under state institutions and whose characteristics have been reported in national statistics (Gutiérrez-Malaxechebarría, 2013). For the purposes of this review, a smallholder irrigation scheme is defined as a formal irrigation scheme larger than 5 ha that was constructed or established in the former homelands or resource-poor areas specifically for occupation and use by Black farmers (Van Averbeke, 2012;Van Averbeke, 2008;Van Averbeke et al, 2011).…”

Section: Defining Smallholder Irrigation Schemes In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Challenges and opportunities for revitalising smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa

Fanadzo

Ncube

2018

WSA

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South Africa is classified as a water-scarce country, and depends on agriculture for food production. The irrigation sector is the largest consumer of water in the country, accounting for about 62% of water utilisation, but also losing 30–40%. Given the threat of drought and climate change, efficient irrigation systems have become a necessity, especially in the smallholder farming sector where most losses occur. Smallholder irrigation schemes (SIS) were developed to improve rural livelihoods through sustainable food production for food security and poverty alleviation, but these development objectives remain largely unfulfilled. The objectives of this review were to assess challenges facing SIS and explore opportunities for revitalising the schemes. The focus was on government policy and strategies to support smallholder farmers. A review of government policy showed that although the needs and interests of smallholder farmers are high on the national agenda, there is insufficient financial support to the sector, suggesting that smallholder agriculture is not really seen as a potential driver of the economy. The core focus of the government on repairing irrigation infrastructure while neglecting the soft components relating to capacity building has partly been blamed for the failure of SIS in South Africa. Capacity building is one of the missing links in smallholder irrigation development and many failures have been attributed to lack of adequately trained farmers and extension staff, particularly in irrigation water management. Land tenure insecurity has been singled out as a major institutional challenge leading to poor performance of irrigation schemes. The diversity of schemes means that different kinds of interventions are needed to respond to varying farmers’ needs, resources and agricultural contexts. These findings point to the need to balance the soft and hard components of the irrigation schemes for sustainability. It is therefore evident that the government needs to review its priorities in revitalisation of SIS. Land tenure policies allowing increased access to arable land need to be developed urgently, together with the promotion of alternative cropping systems that are suitable forthe smallholder farming sector.

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“…Sprinkler irrigation was introduced thanks to international or national funding (e.g. Ecuadorian Ministry of Agriculture, Breeding, Aquaculture and Fishery, 2014) or on the farmers' own initiative (Gutiérrez-Malaxechebarría, 2013).…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects at Farm and Community Level of the Adoption of Sprinkler Irrigation in the Ecuadorian Andes

Communal¹,

Faysse

Bleuze³

et al. 2016

Irrigation and Drainage

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The shift from surface to sprinkler or drip irrigation has been hailed as a promising way to improve the performance of community‐managed irrigation schemes, but its effects have mainly been assessed at plot level. The study assesses the changes in water distribution and collective maintenance rules and in farm production patterns, which may be triggered or supported by the introduction of this technique. The case study reported here is a community‐managed irrigation scheme in the Ecuadorian Andes. At the farm level, farmers spent less labour time per hectare on irrigation. Farms endowed with more land and water resources used sprinkler irrigation to intensify their agricultural activities. By contrast, many farms with limited water and land resources used the time saved by shifting to sprinkler to increase off‐farm work. At the community level, the shift reduced the frequency of the irrigation turn and increased the reliability of water distribution. Sprinkler irrigation thus appears to be a versatile tool that helped farms evolve in different directions. However, to enable a significant improvement in farmers' ability to earn a living from farming, it should be part of a global approach that also tackles farm constraints which are not connected with access to water. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Informal Irrigation in the Colombian Andes: Local Practices, National Agendas, and Options for Innovation

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Caracterización de usos del recurso hídrico en el Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia

Caracterización de usos del recurso hídrico en el Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia

Review: Challenges and opportunities for revitalising smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa

Effects at Farm and Community Level of the Adoption of Sprinkler Irrigation in the Ecuadorian Andes

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